SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 
1087 
contained carbonate of lime in the upper layers in the form of pelagic Foraminifera, but Station 285. 
that in^he trawl did not show any effervescence when treated with dilute acid. 
There were between two and three bushels of manganese nodules. The great majority 
of these were of small size, from 1 to 2 '5 cm. in diameter, resembling a lot of marbles. 
One large nodule, however, with a large white-coloured nucleus, appeared to have been 
broken to pieces in the trawl. The white nucleus had at one time been a portion of a deep- 
sea deposit, but not like the dark-coloured clay that came up in the trawl, for it contained 
numerous casts of Glohigerina shells, along with many angular fragments of basic volcanic 
glass. The inner concentric layers of the great majority of the nodules formed light 
brown eoloured nuclei, which have frequently been compared to coprolites by geologists 
who have examined them. These lighter layers are less than 1 mm. in diameter, and are 
arranged concentrically around altered pieces of volcanic glass, sharks’ teeth or their 
fragments. The outer layers are of a darker colour, and contain much more manganese 
than the inner ones. The typical nodules contain about 37 per cent, of manganese 
peroxide and 24 per cent, of ferric oxide. The structure of bone can be readily recognised 
in some of the nodules, while others appear to have been formed upon fragments of bone, 
though now all traces of the bone have disappeared. 
Altogether about fifty petrous and tympanic bones of Cetaceans were procured, 
belonging to the genera Balsenoptera, Mesoplodon, Delphinus, Globiocephalus, and 
Baleen whales. Many of these were deeply imbedded in concentric layers of manganese, 
while in other cases large portions of the bone had been removed and substituted by 
depositions of manganese. 
More than fifteen hundred sharks’ teeth and fragments, over 1 cm. in length, vrere 
present, belonging to the genera Carcharodon, Oxyrhina, Lamna, Corax or Galeus or 
Hemipristis, while immense numbers of smaller teeth and fragments were found in the 
deposit or in the nodules. Some of the larger teeth were surrounded with layers of 
manganese, but, as a rule, they were not so deeply imbedded as the smaller teeth and 
fragments. The internal portions of the teeth were generally filled with deposits of 
manganese ; the vaso-dentine and osteo-dentine had been entirely removed, the hard 
external enamel-like dentine alone remaining. 
The nuclei of the nodules were occasionally pieces of volcanic rock ; most of these 
had undergone considerable alteration, the glassy base having been converted into 
palagonite. Many of the specimens showed agate-like bands. These palagonitic layers 
were soft and could be cut with a knife like cheese when taken from the sea, but they 
have since become quite brittle. Among the nodules were several bomb-like fragments, 
about 1 cm. in diameter, with a hard thin exterior, and a hollow interior partly filled 
with ferruginous matters. Some of the nodules contained hollow spaces, in w’hich the 
manganese assumed a radiate, crypto-crystalline, structure. The outsides of the nodules 
were generally covered with Rhizopod tubes, or the stolons of Hydroids, and these 
