SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 
1441 
of one [StijeJa dava\ from the northern hemisphere, are from the southern temperate region, and most of them 
are from between the parallels of 30° and 40° South.” ^ 
Hoyle states that the genus Batliyteuthis, dredged by the Challenger in the Southern Ocean, has been 
quite recently recorded by Verrill from the North Atlantic.^ 
Miers writes: “The genus Hy^jopeltarium (common in the Straits of Llagellan, Falklands, and coasts of 
Chili and Patagonia) is nearly allied to Atelecyclus, which is found both on the shores of Europe and Chili.” ^ 
Henderson enumerates the species of the genus Lithodes as follows : — 
I. Northern species — 
Lithodes maia. North Atlantic. 
„ camtschaticus, Sea of Okhotsk. 
,, brevipes, South Pacific (1) ; Kamtschatka. 
,, spinosissimus, North Pacific. 
,, agassizii, North Atlantic, deep water. 
,, ferox, off the north-west coast of Africa, deep water. 
II. Southern species — 
Lithodes antarcticus, Fuegia. 
,, murrayi. Southern Ocean. 
Also the species of the genus Anapagurus as follows : — 
- Anapagurus chiroacantlms, Scandinavian and British Seas. 
,, hyndmanni, British Seas. 
,, Isevis, Scandinavian and British Seas ; Mediterranean, deep water. 
,, pusillus, Azores, Canaries, Cape (1). 
,, australiensis, New South Wales. 
Henderson also writes: Munida suhrugosa “may be said, indeed, to represent Munida rugosa in the 
southern hemisphere. ... Of the Circumpolar Regions much remains to be learnt, but so far as is known their 
Crustacean fauna is a scanty one when compared with that of the other two divisions ; in some respects they 
appear to gradually merge with the latter, for it has been shown that certain characteristic genera, e.g., 
Lithodes, extend almost to the tropics, but are then found only in deep Avater where the temperature . 
' ^ 1. 1 -A-nomura of thf 
conditions are favourable. . . . Three new species of Lithodea were taken, all of them in the southern Northern and 
hemisphere. The members of this group were formerly believed to occur only in the shallow Avater of the Southern Hemi- 
northern and southern temperate regions, but deep-sea dredgings, more especially those of the ‘ Talisman,’ spheres. 
have shoAvn that they extend to the tropics, in Avhich case they are confined to deep Avater (some of the 
species reaching a depth of over 1000 fathoms), Avhere the temperature conditions are doubtless favourable 
to their existence. As Professor A. Milne-EdAvards has pointed out, this unexpected feature in their 
distribution is not Avithout interest, inasmuch as it shoAvs the possibility of certain forms spreading from the 
one circumpolar region to the other, and accommodating themselves to the altered environment, in order 
to obtain the necessary conditions of temperature. . . . Numerous instances occur of abyssal species Avith 
a greatly extended range of distribution, and of these Ave may cite Avhat is perhaps the most striking. 
Munidopsis antonii, Avhich Avas captured by the ‘ Talisman ’ off the north-Avest coast of Africa, Avas taken 
by the Challenger in the Southern Ocean and off the island of Juan Fernandez, South America.”^ 
Spence Bate Avrites : “ The type species [of Pandalus\, Pandalus annulicornis, is European, and mostly 
found on the French and British coasts. Milne-Edwards records a species from the Mediterranean, Dana 
one from the coast of Oregon, Dr. Stimpson several species from Madeira, Australia, and the northern shores 
of Eastern Asia, Smith several from off the eastern coast of America, and Sars others from off the Scan- 
dinavian shores. ... It is interesting to notice the close approximation of this species [^Palxmon affinis 
from Port Jackson] to Palsemon squilla, the habitats being the antipodes of each other.” ^ 
^ Zool. Chall. Exp., pt. xvii. pp. 82, 265. " Zool. Chall. Exp., pt. xliv. p. 232. 
^ Znol. Cliall. Exp., pt. xlix. p. 211. ■* Zool. Chall. Exp., pt. Ixix. pp. 42, 73, 124, 197, 212, 215. 
* Zool. Chall. Exp., pt. lii. pp. 666, 667, 784. 
