Yorkshire Naturalists at Thornton Dale. 295 
camp fires, etc., search for the latter was made in vain, the conditions, 
at the time, being altogether too dry for their development. 
Mr. Meldrum reported the presence of Trametes pini Fr. in the Larch - 
Spruce plantation, but no sporophores were seen. The latter locality 
yielded the mycetozoa, Lycogala epidendrum (Linn.) Fr., Trichia varia 
Pers. and T. Botrytis Pers. 
Reference to other species of fungi is made in my notes on ‘ Economic 
Biology.’ 
Economic Biology (F. A. Mason). — Owing to the luxuriant condition 
of vegetation generally, damage by plant pests and diseases was not 
conspicuous. A close examination of some of the gardens in the village, 
however, showed that the pernicious work of several injurious insects 
and fungi was in progress. 
Fruit trees, on the whole, presented a healthy appearance, and were 
bearing heavy crops. Plums, in several cases, were badly infested by 
Aphis pruni Reaum., and in one garden, a tree was seen to be attacked 
by the mite Eriophyes phloecaptes Nal., causing Plum-leaf gall. 
Apple trees suffering from Canker, due to the fungus, Nectria ditissima 
Tul., were not infrequent, and in the Vicarage garden, one tree was 
attacked by Monilia cinerea Bon., which causes Apple Blossom Wilt. 
A third fungus, Sphaeropsis malorum Peck, manifested itself as Apple 
Leaf -Spot. 
Two insects seen on Apple tree trunks and branches were the Mussel 
Scale, Mytilaspis pomovum Linn., which devitalises the tree by extracting 
the sap, and the Apple Root Louse, Eriosoma lanigera Htg., the two 
species frequently occurring together. 
Big Bud on blackcurrants caused by the mite Eriophyes ribis Nal. 
and the leaf -curling Green Fly, Myzus vibis Linn., were both common. 
Plants of the kitchen garden were particularly free from pests, and 
no signs of the usually common Black Fly, Aphis rumicis Linn., were 
observed . 
Cultivated roses were seriously attacked by Rose Rust, Phvagmidium 
mucronatum Schlecht. This fungus was particularly common on the 
wild roses of the district, and, in the gardens, bushes were rendered 
unsightly by gall-like masses of orange-coloured spores bursting through 
the epidermal tissues of the stem. Rose mildew, Sphaerotheca pannosa 
Lev., was less commonly present. 
In the Beechwogds, the Felted Beech Coccus, Cryptoco'ccus fagi Barens. 
was in evidence. In other places, Larch and Spruce were both attacked 
by the Spruce Gall Aphid, Chernies abietis Linn. ; the old cone-like 
galls of this insect were pointed out by Mr. Meldrum, at Allerston, and 
the complex life-history of the aphid was explained by him. The Larch 
Canker fungus, Dasycypha calycina Fuck., was found on fallen branches. 
Damage to other conifers by the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis L. was 
reported by Mr. Meldrum. 
Vertebrate Zoology (H. B. Booth) . — Birds were numerous in 
individuals as well as in species. The time of the year was just right, 
as practically every bird was engaged in some part of its breeding duties. 
Leaving out those species which are common and generally distributed, 
the following is a list of the birds seen : — Carrion Crow, Jay, Goldfinch, 
Linnet (very common). Bullfinch, Yellow Hammer, Tree Pipit, Tree 
Creeper, Goldcrest. Coal Tit, Marsh Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Lesser White- 
throat, Garden Warbler, Blackcap, Sedge Warbler, Wood Warbler, 
Chiffchaff, Mistle Thrush (one still incubating). Ring Ouzel, Redstart, 
Whinchat, Wheatear, Dipper, Pied Flycatcher, Green Woodpecker (com- 
paratively common), Nightjar, Kingfisher, Long-eared Owl, Tawny Owl, 
Sparrow Hawk, Kestrel, Woodcock, Common Sandpiper, Curlew, Golden 
Plover, Stock Dove and Turtle Dove. 
Only one pair each was noted of the Goldfinch, the Lesser Whitethroat 
and the Golden Plover. Goldcrests were scarce, excepting in the Spruce 
1922 Aug.-Sept. 
