Anthropology at the British Association 349 
followed for a time, but on the establishment of the Viking 
kingdom at York, with connections with Ireland, Celtic 
motives were brought in, and Danish taste gradually prevailed, 
creating the Anglo-Danish style of ornament, seen especially 
in East Yorkshire. Professor A. Mawer dealt with place- 
names and ethnology in the East Riding. He found that 
the place-names of the East Riding were almost exclusively 
English or Scandinavian, and showed little trace of any 
Celtic element. It is probable that some common Anglo- 
Scandinavian speech prevailed over the whole area, and 
down to the thirteenth century there is evidence of the 
use of alternative English and Scandinavian forms of the 
same name. 
Mediterranean Archaeology was well represented ; Mr. 
Stanley Casson gave an account of his recent archaeological 
discoveries in Macedonia, which, when subjected to further 
analysis, may be expected to add much to our knowledge of 
the Bronze and Iron Age culture of this area ; and Dr. T. 
Ashby described some supplementary excavations, which he 
had undertaken at the request of Dr. Zammit of Valetta, in 
the megalithic ruins of Hal Tarxien in Malta. These ex- 
cavations confirmed Dr. Zammit ’s conclusions as to the 
relative age of the different portions of the buildings. Dr. 
Ashby also reported 071 recent archaeological discoveries in 
Italy, which include further features of interest from Ostia, 
throwing light on the domestic life of ancient Rome, and 
discoveries on the site of Horace’s Sabine farm. He also gave 
the results of an examination of the course of the Via Flaminia 
from Rome to Rimini — the most important land route to 
North Italy and the rest of Europe. Mr. Caisson described 
three remarkable statue bases recently discovered in Athens, 
of which the sides are sculptured in relief with representations 
of games and amusements of the Athenian youth previously 
unknown. Mr. J. Whatmough gave an account of some in- 
scribed fragments of Stagshorn from North Italy. These come 
from a pre -Roman site, about twenty miles north-west of 
Vicenza, associated with a temple or sanctuary on a hill-top. 
The fragments, presumably votive offerings, are inscribed in 
an alphabet which is clearly derived from the North Etruscan 
alphabet, but the language is not Venetic or Etruscan ; it may 
be Indo-European. The character of certain votive offerings 
appears to indicate an Artemis cult — a fact which strengthens 
the suggestion of a northern origin for this cult. 
In Ethnography, Mr. E. Torday, in a valuable communica- 
tion, discussed the mutability of custom among Congo tribes, 
in which he said that, notwithstanding a remarkable conser- 
vatism among some tribes, others borrow freely from one 
another. A communication presented on behalf of Dr. W. 
1922 Nov. 1 
