762 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
and Japanese, whose music is so very different from that of Europe, and who profess to 
dislike Western music, and now at least much prefer their own, will develop a similar 
capacity and changed appreciation in the future. 
Whilst the ship was at Honolulu Mr. Moseley visited the northeast side of the 
island in order to collect a series of native skulls from a deserted burial-place, on the 
estate of Mr. John Cummins at Waimanalo. The graves are amongst dunes of 
calcareous sand, lying often on the sides of the gullies between the dunes, and the bones 
are exposed by the shifting of the sand by the wind. The graves have probably been 
made in this locality because of the ease with which the sand is excavated ; similar 
burial-places occur at various spots around the coast of Oahu, and there is scarcely any 
place where more abundant material is ready at hand for the study of the skeletal peculi- 
arities of a savage race, by the examination of long series of crania and skeletons, than 
here. Other burial-places occur in caves inland, where the bodies are found in a dried 
mummy-like condition. All those at Waimanalo were buried in a doubled-up posture ; 
one which was exhumed with care in situ had been buried with the knees bent up to 
the chest and the head bent forwards, and was placed resting horizontally on the back. 
Chips and fragments of basalt were found around all the graves, but no implements 
of stone. This burying ground has subsequently been visited by Dr. Otto Finscli , 1 wdio 
considers that the skeletons found there are pure Hawaiians belonging to a period free 
from European influence, as this part of the coast has not been disturbed by white 
people. The skulls obtained have been carefully described by Professor Turner , 2 who 
states that some are of a well marked brachycephalic type, others are equally well marked 
dolichocephalic, whilst others again are mesaticephalic in their proportions. His 
conclusion is that these differences in the cranial characters express the presence in 
the Sandwich Islands of more than one race of men, and that they have probably 
been inhabited both by Polynesians and Melanesians, who have doubtless to some 
extent intermingled with each other. 
During the stay of the ship at Honolulu the pinnace was engaged four days in 
dredging and trawling operations outside the reefs, with the view of ascertaining the 
bathymetrical limits of the reef-building corals and other organisms. 
Honolulu Harbour, although very small, is of considerable importance from the fact of 
its being the only really well protected port in the Sandwich group. It has a narrow 
entrance through the outer part of the reef, the harbour and entrance together being 
somewhat like an ordinary retort in shape. This narrow channel, which originally had a 
depth of 20 feet, has since been deepened to 22 or 23 feet, and is kept open in all 
probability by the freshwater streams from the hills. The harbour is so small inside that 
vessels cannot swing at their anchors but have to moor head and stern, or lie alongside 
a commodious wharf which has been constructed on the eastern shore. To facilitate 
1 Zeitschr.f. Ethnologic, Bd. xi. p. 362, 1879. 
2 Zo'jI. Chall. Exp., part xxix., 1884. 
