NARRATIVE OF THE CRUISE. 
853 
was a new species taken at a depth of 410 fathoms living attached to the spines of a 
deep-sea Echinid, Phormosoma lioplacantha, A. Ag. 
££ By far the most remarkable feature is the extension of the family of pedun- 
culated Cirripeclia containing the genus Scalpellum. As far as I could make out, 
only eleven species of that genus were previously known, and the number of new 
species which had to be described amounts to forty-three. The same family of Cirripedia 
embraces the genus Pollicipes also, seven species of which are known to inhabit 
tropical seas all over the world. Of this latter genus, however, the Challenger did not 
collect a single representative, so it would seem we must conclude that this genus does 
not occur in the deep sea. Yet the hitherto known (shallow water) species of the two 
genera live exactly under the same circumstances, and, what 
is also of some importance, both genera {Scalpellum as well as 
Pollicipes) very commonly occur in fossil deposits, especially 
in Secondary strata. 
“ Thirty-five out of the forty- three species of the genus 
Scalpellum dredged during the cruise of the Challenger inlial >it 
depths of 500 down to 2850 fathoms. Nine of these corres- 
pond with the fossil Scalpellum maximum in the shape of the 
valves of the capitulum, and especially of the carinal latus ; 
twenty-six, on the other hand, have this valve of the same 
shape as the recent forms known to Darwin. We see, there- 
fore, that in the case of the genus Scalpellum the abyssal 
fauna consists partly of forms resembling fossil species, but 
contains many more species of a true shallow-water type. 
“ A remarkable observation from a biological point of view 
was made in one of the specimens of Scalpellum stroemii, 
Sars. It contained rather large eggs, and these had passed 
the Nauplius-stage and had arrived at the Cypris-stage ; so 
it is quite clear that at least some of the species of the genus 
Scalpellum, for it is highly improbable that Scalpellum stroemii should stand alone in this 
respect, have lost the Nauplius as a free-swimming larval stage. Nor are the results of 
the study of the £ complemental ’ males of Scalpellum, discovered by Darwin more than 
thirty years ago, devoid of importance. It was not only possible to prove that their 
organisation is highly degenerated, but also to demonstrate in what this degeneration 
consists, and how much it affects some of the organs, whilst others suffer less, or not at 
all from it. Though very common in the genus Scalpellum , the occurrence of little males 
does not seem to be a rule without exceptions ; there are species which probably are 
hermaphrodite as other Cirripedia are, and in which no complemental males have been 
observed ; there are other hermaphrodite species to which little complemental males are 
Fig. 318 . — Scalpellum cximiurn, Hock. 
Station 135, off Tristan <la Cunlia, 
1000 fathoms. 
