894 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Many of the seamen living at Stanley constantly visit the Strait of Magellan, and 
very often bring back with them Fuegian bows and arrows for their children to play 
with. The boys shoot at a mark with the stone-tipped arrows, and the tips are soon 
broken off and lost. The stone arrow-heads thus become scattered about the moor 
anywhere near a habitation, and before long they are sure to be picked np, being 
indestructible. It must then be remembered that they are not proofs that the Falkland 
Islands were once inhabited by a savage race. Difficulties of this kind are constantly 
occurring ; for example, part of a New Zealand mere of nephrite has been found in York- 
shire, and ancient Chinese seals have been turned up in the ground in Ireland. 
Not far from Stanley Harbour there are rookeries of the Magellan Jackass Penguin 
(Spheniscus demersus, var. magellanicus). The birds make large and deep burrows in 
the peat-banks on the seashore in such numbers that the ground is hollowed out in all 
directions. The edges of the birds’ bills are excessively sharp, and can cut a strip out of 
a man’s finger as cleanly as a razor. Round the mouths of their burrows and on the 
even surface of the banks, between the holes, the birds lay out pebbles which they 
must carry up from the seashore for the purpose. The pebbles are of various colours, 
and the birds seem to collect them from curiosity, at least there appears to be no other 
explanation of the fact. 
Many stones, pebbles, and fish bones were found in the stomachs of some of these 
birds. The sealers said that they vomited up the stones and shells found at the mouths 
of their burrows when they came up from the sea, and in going to sea again take in the 
very same stones as “ballast.” Fur Seals were said to take in “ballast” in the same 
way as Penguins. 
The Scaphopoda and Gasteropoda . — The Rev. R. B. Watson, on the return of the 
Expedition, undertook the description of the Mollusca at the request of the late Sir C. 
Wyville Thomson. However, after separating out the different species, and labelling 
the known species of the greater part of the collection, Mr. Watson decided to limit 
his investigations to the Scaphopoda and Gasteropoda. Mr. Watson says : — “ The 
Challenger collected belonging to these groups between 940 and 1000 recognisable 
Orthis tenuis, M. and S. More and better preserved specimens of this, however, are requisite before a definite opinion 
can be passed. 
“ Orthis sulivani, M. and S., is present on almost every block of sandstone, and is by far the commonest species repre- 
sented in the Challenger collection. It occurs in every state of preservation but one, viz., with the shell on. The 
fringed internal edge of the shell is a particularly well marked and typical character in Orthis sulivani. The depres- 
sions between the ribs on the surface of the valves were intersected by concentric striae, which in all probability 
likewise passed over the ribs. The latter appear also to have been ornamented with small scattered spines. This 
species should with greater propriety be referred to the genus Streptorhynchus, King (or more properly Orthotetes, 
Fischer). An elongated mesial septum existed, and short strong brachial processes, more in accord with the structure 
of Streptorhynchus than Orthis. Accompanying Orthis sulivani are smaller casts which may represent the Orthis 
concinna, M. and S. The chief point of separation between the two species appears to be the width of the hinge area, 
and the internal edge-striation of Orthis sulivani. It is possible likewise, that a few faint impressions visible on some 
of the blocks may represent Ghonetes falklandica, M. and S., but their state of preservation forbids a positive opinion.” 
