58 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
skull in which one or both parietals had been divided by an antero-posterior suture into 
an upper and a lower part. In Winslow’s and von Sommerring’s cases the crania were 
adults, in von Doeveren’s the skull was that of a child. Wenzel Gruber described 1 the 
skull of a male foetus in which, along with other malformations, the left parietal was 
divided into an upper and a lower portion ; also the cranium of an adult in which the 
posterior and lower part of the left parietal was a separate piece : in 1870 he described 
and figured 2 a right parietal in a youth as divided into two parts by a suture extending 
diagonally from the anterior end of the sagittal suture to about the middle of the lamb- 
doidal : in 1876 he described and figured 3 an adult male skull, in which the postero- 
inferior angle of the parietal, with the part of the bone for some distance above it, was 
separated from the rest by a suture extending from the squamous to the lambdoidal 
suture : in 1879 he described 4 three other adult crania; in one the posterior and lower 
part of the left parietal was separate from the rest of the bone by a suture extending from 
the squamous to near the apex of the lambdoidal suture, in a second each parietal was 
divided by a suture extending forwards from the lambdoidal through the lower part of the 
bone, in the third the right parietal was divided by a suture passing from the lower 
end of the coronal to about the middle of the lambdoidal suture. Lucse 5 and Welcker 6 
have each described a skull with the parietal divided by an antero-posterior fissure into 
an upper and a lower part. Hyrtl has also figured 7 the skull of an adult and those of 
three foetuses in which a similar division of the bone was met with. 8 
In all the specimens the os planum of the ethmoid was small, and wherever it was 
uninjured, so that its shape could be determined, it was quadrilateral in form, although in Z 
its anterior border was elongated forwards and not vertical. In D, F, H, and L, remains 
of the maxillo-premaxillary suture were visible on the surface of the hard palate. Only 
in C had the hard palate any great depth, being 1 6 mm. in that skull opposite the second 
molar tooth. In five crania a suture extended from the infraorbital foramen through 
the lower border of the orbit into the floor of the orbit and the infraorbital canal. 
In E the nasal bones had apparently not been developed. The nasal spine of the 
frontal bone appeared on the surface of the osseous bridge of the nose, immediately below 
the glabella, and descended between the ascending processes of the superior maxillae. 
Below the free end of this spine the ascending processes of the superior maxillae articu- 
lated with each other mesially for about -j^ths of an inch. In the same skull a distinct 
1 Abhandl. a. cl. mensch. u. vergl. Anatomie, 1852 ; also Mdm. da l’ Acad. Imp. de St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, t. ii., 1859. 
2 Virchow’s Archiv, Bd. 1., p. 113, 1870. 
3 Virchow’s Archiv, Bd. lxvi., p. 468, 1876. 
4 Beobachtungen aus der menschlichen und vergleichenden Anatomie, Heft ii. p. 12, e.s. pi. iii., Berlin 1879. 
5 Zur Arcliitectur d. Menschenschadels, 1857. 
0 Untersuch. ii. Wachsthum u. Bau des mensch. Schadels, 1862. 
7 Die doppelten Schlafelinien der Menschen-schiidel, Denlcschr. d. lc. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien. 1871. 
8 At the meeting of the Anatomical Section of the International Medical Congress, at which I exhibited and 
described the Admiralty Island crania, I understood Prof, von Kolliker to say that a similar skull was in the Museum 
of the University of Wurzburg. 
