REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
67 
6 to 10 mm. S and Y had each a small exostosis in the roof of the right auditory meatus. 
Ah. had a triquetral bone in each pterion and Y one in the left pterion. On the right 
side of I was a large spheno-pterygoid foramen, due to the development of a plate of 
bone between the external pterygoid process and the spine of the sphenoid ; on the left 
side the foramen was not quite complete. No skull was metopic. In K, Y, and Ac., a 
suture extended from the infraorbital foramen into the floor of the orbit and infraorbital 
canal. 
In the two lower jaws the sigmoid notch was shallow, and the coronoid process was 
on the whole feeble. The chin was fairly marked. The gonio-symphysial and intergonial 
diameters were nearly equal. The child’s skull being excluded, the mean cephalic index 
was 83. The adults ranged in the cephalic index from 81 to 86, but the child had an 
index of 92. The mean vertical index was 79, which places them in the akroceplialic 
series, though not so high as the Waimea skulls. The somewhat smaller average of the 
vertical index was probably due to two of the adult crania from Oahu being females. The 
mean gnathic index was 100, somewhat higher, therefore, than those from Waimea, so 
that they were with one exception mesognathous. Owing to the nasal index of the 
female skull I being as high as 57, the mean was raised to 49, so that the average was 
mesorhine. The mean orbital index of the adults was 92, and they were all megaseme 
except Y, which was microseme. In only two of the adults could the palate be measured, 
and the mean palato-maxillary index of these specimens was 118. The mean cubic 
capacity of the set of seven skulls was 1484 c.c. ; that of four adult males was 1509 '5 c.c., 
of two adult females 1420 c.c. ; the males were megacephalic, the females mesocephalic. 
This group of Sandwich Islanders was in their mean proportions brachycephalic, akroce- 
phalic, cryptozygous, mesognathic, mesorhine, megaseme, brachyuranic, and mesocephalic. 
Fifteen of the crania from Oahu had the cephalic index below 75 and were all 
distinctly dolichocephalic. They were all adults. Eight were presumably males and 
seven females, and of the latter three were accompanied by the pelvis and other bones of 
the skeleton. 
Norma verticalis . — Sagittal line was ridged, the parietal eminences were prominent, 
and the roof of the skull had a ridge-shaped and “ill filled” appearance. The cranium 
was both more elongated and narrower than in the brachycephali. The greatest parietal 
breadth, both in the males and females, was sometimes near the parietal eminence, at others 
near the squamous suture. As distinguished from the brachycephalic skulls, in only one 
instance did the greatest parietal diameter exceed 140 mm., viz., in Y, in which it was 
142 mm., whilst in the two groups of brachycephali in only one instance was it as small 
as 142 mm., and in three specimens it reached 150 mm. or upwards. On the other 
hand, in the dolichocephali the glabello-occipital diameter fell in only one instance below 
180 mm. (viz. in A to 175 mm.), whilst in three specimens it exceeded 190 mm. In 
