74 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
frontal longitudinal arc in each adult male and in one female was greater than either 
the parietal or occipital ; the parietal exceeded the occipital and the occipital the parietal 
in an almost equal number of crania. In the child the occipital arc was greater than the 
parietal, and the parietal than the frontal. 
The bridge of the nose was fairly well defined and concave upwards and forwards, 
though in some it was slightly convex at the tip. The nasal bones ranged in length from 
21 to 31 mm. and in greatest width from 6 to 15 mm. The nasal spine of the superior 
maxillae was distinct, as a rule not very prominent, but in one specimen of considerable 
size. The junction of the side wall with the floor of the anterior nares was slightly 
rounded. Three of the crania had the external orbital process prominent, with flattening 
of the frontal immediately above the process. 
In all the adults both the interzygomatic and intermalar diameters exceeded the 
Stephanie and asterionic, and except in one case, where they were equal, the interzy- 
gomatic diameter was less than the greatest breadth in the parieto-squamous region. The 
mean interorbital diameter was 23 mm.; the maximum 26 mm., the minimum 19 mm. 
The teeth in all the adults were fully erupted, though many of the sockets were 
empty. In the aged skulls the teeth were much worn down, but there was no decay. 
The dentition of the child was that of about six years. 
In five specimens the sutures were in course of senile obliteration. When visible 
they showed no special simplicity in their denticulation. The child’s skull had Wormian 
bones in the pterion on each side, and also in the lambdoidal suture. One adult had one 
in the right pterion ; another one in the left pterion. A male had a large interparietal 
bone, and in the suture between it and the left parietal were three small Wormian bones. 
In none did the temporal articulate with the frontal, although the intervening ali- 
sphenoid was sometimes very narrow. No cranium was metopic. The os planum was 
broken in several crania, but had evidently been relatively small, though it retained 
its quadrilateral form. In the child and in two adults remains of the maxillo-pre- 
maxillary suture were seen on the hard palate. There was no subdivision of the malar. 
In one the left meatus auditorius was almost obliterated in its deep part by an exostosis, 
but the right was normal. In another a small exostosis projected from the roof of the 
deep part of the left meatus, but the right was normal. In two males the palate had 
a depth of 1 '7 inch opposite the 2nd molar ; in the others its depth was not so great. 
In one female there was an almost complete pterygo-sphenoid foramen ; in a male a 
well-marked third condyle was on the basion, and in the child a right paramastoid 
process was present. In three of the crania a distinct suture extended from the infra- 
orbital foramen into the floor of the orbit and infraorbital canal. In one adult male there 
was a pair of rudimentary paramastoid processes. 
Four of the adults had the lower jaw, and in each specimen the sigmoid notch was 
shallow. In three males the jaw was massive with a strong chin, and in two of these 
