EEEOET ON THE HUMAN CEANIA. 
85 
Sandifort lias also described 1 a bracbycephalic Papuan cranium with a ceplialie index 
of 85, and one with a cephalic index of 83 is in the collection (No. 1401) of Dr. Barnard 
Davis , 2 but the exact localities from which these skulls were procured does not seem to 
have been ascertained. 
In the magnificent collection of crania formed by Dr. A. B. Meyer 3 certain skulls 
possessed a high cephalic index. Of the twenty-three crania obtained by him from Rubi, 
near to the south end of Geelvink Bay, three had the indices respectively of 77 '7, 
76 ‘4, 76 '4 ; and of the one hundred and twelve skulls collected at Kordo, on the island of 
Mysore, at the mouth of the same bay, several had an index above 75. From an analysis 
which Dr. Meyer has made of the “ normal ” series of one hundred and thirty-four crania, 
one hundred and two have a length-breadth index below 75, twenty-five between 75 
and 80, and three only above 80 ; whilst of the adult crania, eighty-six in number, it 
would appear that of fifty-four males, forty-three had a cephalic index below 75, nine 
between 75 and 80, and two above 80; and of thirty -two females, thirty were below 
75 and two between 75 and 80. These “normal” crania gave no evidence of premature 
ossification of sutures, or of deformity produced by artificial means. They are considered 
by Dr. Meyer to be Papuans, and not to contain any mixture of Malays ; whilst on 
Waigiou partially, and on the smaller Papuan islands more to the west, there is, he says, 
an undoubted mixture of Malays and Papuans. 
In 1874 Miklouho-Maclay described 4 three crania, which he had collected in 1872 
at the villages of Englam, Mana, and Gumbu on the Maclay coast of New Guinea. He 
says that the skulls were remarkably bracbycephalic, their indices being respectively 
81 - 2, 82‘5, and 86‘4. In another paper 5 he stated as the result of a great number of 
measurements that the cephalic index of the New Guinea skulls varied from 62 to 84. 8 
Of two skulls collected in Astrolabe Bay on the north-east coast of New Guinea, described 
by Prof. Yircliow , 7 one is said to have a length-breadth index of 78 - 2, whilst the other 
is very prognathic, and long and narrow, so that its breadth index is only 7 2 '7. 
M. Mantegazza has also given evidence of the occurrence of brachy cephalic crania 
amongst the Papuans . 8 These crania, according to him, are small, with large parietal 
1 Tabulae Craniorum. 2 Thesaurus Craniorum, p. 305. 
3 Dr. Meyers important memoirs are contained in the Mittheilungen aus dem k. Zoologischen Museum m Dresden, 
May 1875, October 1876, and December 1878. 
4 Verhand. der Berliner Gesell. fur Antbropologie, in Zeitschr. fur Ethnologie, Bd. vi. p. 177. The name of this 
Russian traveller is sometimes printed Miklucho-Maclay, at others as in the text. 
5 Natuurk. Tijdschrift, Batavia, xxxiv. p. 345, 1874. 
6 In a communication made to the Berlin Society of Anthropology (Zeitschr. fur Ethnologie, Bd. xii. 374, 1880), and to 
the Linnean Society of N. S. Wales, Nature, vol. xxiv. June 16, 1881, Miklucho-Maclay gives as a result of his travels 
in Melanesia, that brachycephalism has a much wider range than is usually supposed. He has measured both skulls 
and heads, and states that the breadth index in many cases exceeds 80 and sometimes 85. 
7 Yerhand. der Berlin. Gesell. fur Anth., in Zeitschr. fur Ethnologie, Bd. v. S. 70, 1873. 
8 Studii antropol. ed etnog. sulla Nuova Guinea, 1877 ; Abstract in Jahresb. der Anat. und Phys., 1881, p. 361. In 
the Bull, de la Soc. d’Anthrop., 19th Feb. 1880, he says that in d’Albertis’s collection are skulls of the Negrito type, 
brachycephalic in proportion. 
