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opened ; who shall hold official intercourse and correspondence with the local officers of the Chinese government, 
(a consul or vice-consul in charge taking rank with an intendant of Circuit or a prefect,) either personally or 
in writing, as occasion may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. And the consuls and local 
officers shall employ the style of mutual communication. If the officers of either nation are disrespectfully 
treated or aggrieved in any way by the other authorities, they have the right to make representation of the same 
to the superior officers of tlieir respective governments, who shall see that full inquiry and strict justice shall be 
had in the premises. And the said consuls and agents shall carefully avoid all acts of offene e to the officers 
and people of China. On the arrival of a consul duly accredited at any port in China, it shall be the duty of 
the minister of the United States to notify the same to the governor general of the province where such port is, 
who shall forthwith recognize the said consul and grant him authority to act. 
Art. XI. All citizens of the United States of America in China peaceably attending to their affairs, being 
placed on a common footing of amity and good-will with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy for themselves 
and everything appertaining to tliem the protection of the local authorities of government, who shall defend them 
from all insult or injury of any sort. If their dwellings or property be threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, 
or other violent or lawless persons, the local officers, on requisition of the consul, shall immediately dispatch a 
military force to disperse the rioters. apprehend the guilty individuals, and punish them with the utmost rigor of 
the law. Subjects of China, guilty of any criminal act towards citizens of the United States, shall be punished by the 
Chinese authorities according to the laws of China; and citizens of the United States, either on shore or in any 
merchant vessels, who may insult, trouble or wound the persons or injure the property of Chinese, or commit any 
other improper act in China, shall be punished only by the consul or other public functionary thereto authorized, 
according to the laws of the United States. Arrests in Order to trial may be made by either the Chinese or the 
United States authorities. 
Art. XII. Citizens of the United States, residing or sojourning at any of the ports open to foreign commerce, 
shall be permitted to rent houses and places of business, or hire sites on which they can themselves build houses or 
hospitals, churches and cemeteries. The parties interested can fix the rent by mutual and equitable agreement; the 
proprietors shall not demand an exorbitant prise, nor shall the local authorities interfere, unless there be some 
objections offered on the part of the inhabitants respecting the place. The legal fees to the officers for applying their 
seal shall be paid. The citizens of the United States shall not unreasonably insist on particular spots, but each party 
shall conduct with justice and moderation. Any desecration of the cemeteries by natives of China shall be severely 
punished according to law r . At the places where the ships of the United States anchor, or their citizens reside, the 
mercliants, seamen, or others can freely pass and repass in the immediate neighbourhood; but, in Order to the preser- 
vation of the public peace, they shall not go into the country to the villages and marts to seil their goods unlaw- 
fully, in fraud of the revenue. 
Art. XIII. If any vessels of the United States be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, and be subjected 
to plunder or other damage, the proper officers of the government, on receiving Information of the fact, shall 
immediately adopt measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and 
be enabled to repair at once to the nearest port, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions 
and water. If the merchant vessels of the United States, while within the waters over which the Chinese govern- 
ment exercises jurisdiction, be plundered by robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities, civil and 
military, on receiving Information thereof, shall arrest the said robbers or pirates, and punish them according to 
law, and shall cause all the property which can be recovered to be restored to the owners or placed in the hands of 
the consul. If, by reason of the extent of territory and numerous population of China it shall in any case happen 
that the robbers cannot be apprehended, and the property only in part recovered, the Chinese government shall 
not make indemnity for the goods lost; but if it shall be proved that the local authorities have been in collusion 
with the robbers, the same shall be communicated to the superior authorities for memorializing the Throne, 
and these officers shall be severely punished, and their property be confiscated to repay the losses. 
Art. XIV. The Citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the ports and cities of Canton and Chau- 
chau or Svvatau, in the province of Kwang-tung ; Amoy, Foochow, and Taiwan in Formosa, in the province of 
Fuhkien; Ningpo in the province of Cheh-kiang; and Shanghai in the province of Kiang-su, and any other port 
