144 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
XII. — The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal as 
deduced from a Study of his Calvaria. — Part II. His Rela- 
tion to the Australian Aboriginal. By Richard J. A. Berry, 
M.D. Edin., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Melbourne; 
and A. W. D. Robertson, M.D. Melb., Government Research 
Scholar in the Anatomy Department of the University of 
Melbourne. (With One Folding Table.) 
(MS. received December 9, 1912. Read January 19, 1914.) 
Introduction. 
In December 1910 we published, in conjunction with Dr K. Stuart Cross, 
in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1, 2, 3, 4) a series 
of four papers dealing with the relations of the Tasmanian aboriginal to 
Pithecanthropus erectus and to primitive man generally. In an earlier 
publication, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 
(5), we also made available the material upon which our Tasmanian work 
was based. In the present publication we propose to deal with the 
question of the relationship of the Tasmanian aboriginal to the Australian, 
with a view to deciding, if possible, the vexed questions as to whether 
the Tasmanian and the Australian are one and the same race, or, if not, 
if the Australian is a homogeneous or a heterogeneous race. 
Literature. 
In one of our previous communications (2) we have dealt fairly ex- 
haustively with the views of the two opposed schools into which the 
study of the Australian aboriginal has divided scientific ethnologists. 
On the one hand there are Keane, Flower and Lydekker, Topinard, Tylor, 
Curr, de Quatrefages, and Mathew, who hold the Australian to be an 
impure race — that is, to have resulted from a cross; on the other hand 
there are Klaatsch, Schoetensack, and other German savants, who hold 
that the Australian is a pure type and that the Tasmanian is but an 
insular variation of that type. This subject has also been still further 
dealt with by one of us in another publication (6), so that it is unnecessary 
here to pursue the question further. The more recent literature bearing 
on this question will be dealt with as occasion demands in the subsequent 
parts of this paper. 
