1913-14.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 145 
Sources of the Material. 
For the purely Australian part of the present investigation we have 
availed ourselves of 100 Australian aboriginal crania, none of which 
have ever previously been examined by any scientist. Of these, numbers 
1 to 50, both inclusive, are from the Anatomy Museum of the University 
of Melbourne : the remaining 50 are from the National Museum, Melbourne ; 
and for their use we have to thank the Director of the Museum, Professor 
Spencer, as also his assistants, Messrs Kershaw and Walcott. 
Of these 100 crania it is most important to note that all with the 
exceptions of numbers 43 to 50, both inclusive, are Victorian crania ; the 
eight exceptions are from Queensland. It follows therefore that 92 per 
cent, of our Australian crania are derived from sources in the vicinity 
of the Murray River, or roughly from a district south of the thirty-fifth 
parallel of latitude ; the importance of this lies in the fact that there 
cannot be any question of racial impurity due to admixture with the 
Malay element, which is not infrequently the case with Australian crania 
derived from the Northern Territory or other portions of the Australian 
Continent in the vicinity of the Malay Peninsula. 
For the purposes of comparison with the Tasmanian, our material is 
naturally that of our recent Tasmanian work, to which reference has 
already been made. 
For other comparative purposes, to which reference will subsequently 
be made, we have availed ourselves of material derived from the Catalogue 
of the Royal College of Surgeons of London. The material so utilised 
comprised 19 Andamanese Islander crania, and 90 crania of modern 
Italians. 
In addition to this we have also availed ourselves of certain data 
published by Schwalbe for the Spy-Neandertal group of crania. 
Technique. 
In the case of the 100 Australian aboriginal crania dioptrographic 
tracings in four normse were recorded of all by means of Martin’s 
dioptrograph, each skull being orientated in the Frankfort plane in the 
Kubuskraniophor. Selections from these tracings are now in the printer’s 
hands, and will be published in due course. 
Observations recorded. 
On the dioptrographic tracings there have been recorded the measure- 
ments of the 27 observational counts previously employed by us in the 
VOL. XXXIV. 10 
