1913-14.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 163 
has not, however, been realised. Mr W. M. Holmes, of the Natural 
Philosophy Department of this University, has been good enough to apply 
Cross’s mathematical formula to the results of the observations recorded in 
the several tables. He finds the Australians are represented by the figure 
0*739, and the Tasmanians by 0*779. The complete results are graphically 
represented in fig. 2, and numerically in Table XXIX. An examination 
of fig. 2 will demonstrate that the Australian, as regards his skull type, is 
less highly evolved, morphologically, than is the Tasmanian. How far this 
result agrees with one’s preconceived conceptions, it is difficult to say ; but 
probably an extract from Nature of th$ 14th July 1910, taken from a 
review of Professor Keith’s Hunterian Lectures on the Anatomy and 
Relationships of the Negro and Negroid Races , best reconciles the position. 
It is there stated that “ an analysis of the cranial features of the aborigines 
of Tasmania and of Australia shows that we have in these two races an 
early stage in the differentiation of the negro and negroid races of mankind. 
The Tasmanian is the most primitive type of negro yet discovered; the 
Australian, on the other hand, although deeply pigmented and less Simian 
in some features than the Palaeolithic European, is the most primitive 
representative of the negroid race. Negroid as he is, the native Australian 
represents a stage in the evolution of the dominant non-negroids of the 
northern hemisphere. It is a remarkable fact that the negro and negroid 
races occur side by side, not only in Australasia, but in Asia proper and 
in Africa.” 
If this be the case, our results would appear to harmonise with the 
views expressed in the above quotation, for our work simply shows that, as 
regards his cranium at all events, the negroid Australian has not progressed 
quite so far in the evolutionary scale as has the Tasmanian negro. 
Are the Australians and the Tasmanians One and the 
Same Pace ? 
If we have interpreted the above extract from Nature correctly, it 
would appear to be the opinion of the reviewer that the Australians and 
the Tasmanians are, in effect, different types, if not, indeed, different races. 
Sir William Turner, too, would appear to hold the same view, for, in 
his “ The Craniology, Racial Affinities, and Descent of the Aborigines of 
Tasmania” (11), he states : “From the consideration of these characters the 
skulls support the opinion, based on the study by so many observers of 
the external features, that the existing aborigines of Australia are distinct 
from the Tasmanians, although the presence, in a proportion of the natives 
