1913-14.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 175 
from this the comparison will be of interest, inasmuch as certainly both 
Tasmanians and Andamanese have long been isolated from contact with 
other races. 
For the purposes of this comparison we have been compelled to make 
use of the 14 general craniological observations only, the reason being 
that we have had no means of access to the necessary figures for the form 
analysis of the Andaman Islanders skull. In fact we do not believe such 
figures exist. The data that we have been able to employ are derived from 
the Osteological Catalogue of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 
They comprise 19 skulls of Andamanese upon which we have utilised the 
necessary figures for the 14 general craniological observations. 
In fig. 8 the Andamanese Islander is utilised as the base. Upon this 
are plotted out the variation indices for both Australian and Tasmanian. 
The resulting graphs are again highly irregular and, according to Mollison, 
are sufficient proof that the Australian-Tasmanian race is something dif- 
ferent from the Andamanese Islander. A closer inspection of the graphs 
will, however, show that the Australian-Tasmanian variation indices fall 
within the Andamanese range of variation 7 times out of 14 — that is, in 
50 per cent. If this index of Mollison tells us anything at all, it is that, 
notwithstanding the difference in race, the Australian-Tasmanian race 
is more nearly related to the Adamanese Islander than to the Spy- 
Neandertal group. 
The Relationship of Australian and Tasmanian to a Heterogeneous 
Race like the Modern Italian. 
The last use which we propose to make of Mollison’s variation index 
is to test the racial relationships of the Australian and Tasmanian with an 
admittedly heterogeneous race like the modern Italian. We have selected 
the modern Italian for this comparison for three reasons : firstly, because 
the modern Italian is admittedly and undoubtedly a mixed or impure race ; 
secondly, because modern Italians and the indigenous inhabitants of 
Australia and Tasmania cannot possibly have any racial relationships in 
common ; and thirdly, because the Catalogue of the Royal College of 
Surgeons of England enabled us to command a sufficiently large number 
of Italian data, namely 90, to eliminate the possibility of error due to 
the use of insufficient numbers. 
In this comparison we have again been restricted to the 14 general 
craniological observations, and for the same reasons as in the case of the 
Andamanese Islanders. 
