1913-14.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 181 
have to be taken into consideration, the divisor is naturally twice 14. The 
results are as follows : — 
Supposed homogeneous races — 
Andamanese . 
Tasmanians 
Admitted heterogeneous race — 
Modern Italians 
Race of doubtful origin — 
Australians 
62*7 per cent. 
1000 „ 
130 per cent. 
141*9 per cent. 
Summary of the Observed Facts. 
In view of the complicity of the problem now under consideration, it 
would seem advisable here to recapitulate the new facts brought out in the 
present paper before we pass to their interpretation. 
1. The present work contains the detailed measurements of 32 form 
analysis measurements of 100 Australian aboriginal crania not previously 
examined. The measurements so recorded are those introduced by Schwalbe 
and Klaatsch, and have been previously utilised by us for some 52 Tasmanian 
crania. 
2. The present work also incorporates, but does not give the detailed 
measurements of, 14 observations of a general craniological character, but 
more particularly on the face, of the above-mentioned 100 Australian and 
52 Tasmanian crania. 
3. For purposes of comparison the corresponding series of measurements, 
wherever available, have been worked out from other sources for 3 Spy- 
Neandertal crania, 19 Andamanese Islanders, and 90 modern Italians. 
4. The data resulting have been utilised in order to see what evidence 
they afford as to the purity of stock or otherwise of the Australian ; hence 
the races selected for comparison have been specially chosen as representa- 
tives of either admittedly pure races or of equally undoubted impure races. 
5. The use of Mollison’s variation index shows that Tasmanians and 
Australians are a common stock, and that both these races are very much 
more closely related to each other than they are to either Spy-Neandertal 
or Andamanese. 
6. Mollison’s index is shown to be an unreliable guide to the differentia- 
tion of race once the range of variation in one or both of the compared 
stocks exceeds a certain limit. What this limit is requires further proof, 
but is certainly exceeded by Australians and modern Italians. A study of 
the range of variation shows that the Australian agrees much more closely 
