1913-14.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 187 
5. Neither Australian nor Tasmanian have any direct relationship 
with Homo primigenius as represented by the crania of the Spy- 
Neandertal men. The superficial points of cranial resemblance are 
explicable solely on the grounds of the remoteness of the ancestry. In 
the Spy-Neandertal crania we see them as they were ; in the modern 
Australian-Tasmanian type as they have evolved. 
6. The range of variability of structure is, in the Australian, as great 
as in any other known race of impure origin ; in the Tasmanian, on 
the other hand, it is as small as in any other known or supposed 
pure race. 
7. Mollison’s variation index as a test of type must be read in 
conjunction with the range of variation. 
LITERATURE. 
(1) Robertson, A. W. D., “ Craniological Observations on the Lengths, Breadths, 
and Heights of a Hundred Australian Aboriginal Crania,” Proc. Roy . Soc. Edin., 
vol. xxxi., 1910-11, pp. 1-16. 
(2) Berry, R. J. A., A. W. D. Robertson, and K. S. Cross, “ A Biometrical 
Study of the Relative Degree of Purity of Race of the Tasmanian, Australian, and 
Papuan,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin ., vol. xxxi., 1910-11, pp. 17-40. 
(3) Berry, R. J. A., and A. W. D. Robertson, “ The Place in Nature of the 
Tasmanian Aboriginal as deduced from a Study of his Calvaria ; Part i., His 
Relations to the Anthropoid Apes, etc.” Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxi., 1910-11, 
pp. 41-69. 
(4) Cross, K. S., “On a Numerical Determination of the Relative Positions of 
certain Biological Types in the Evolutionary Scale, and of the Relative Values of 
various Cranial Measurements and Indices as Criteria,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 
xxxi., 1910-11, pp. 70-84. 
(5) Berry, R. J. A., and A. W. D. Robertson, “ Dioptrographic Tracings in 
Eour Normse of Fifty-two Tasmanian Crania,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Viet., vol. v. pt. i., 
1910. 
(6) Berry, R. J. A., “ A Living Descendant of an Extinct (Tasmanian) Race,” 
Proc . Roy. Soc. Viet., vol. xx., N.S., 1907. 
(7) Klaatsch, H., “The Skull of the Australian Aboriginal,” Reports from 
Path. Lab. of Lunacy Dept., N.S.W., vol. i., pt. iii., 1908, pp. 43-167. 
(8) Frederic, J., “ Das Schadelfragment von Stangenas in Schweden,” Zeit. f. 
Morph, u. Antlirop., vol. xi., 1908, p. 317. 
(9) Mollison, Th., “Beitrag zur Kraniologie und Osteologie der Maori,” Zeit. f. 
Moyph. u. Anthrop., vol. xi., 1908, p. 529. 
(10) Turner, Sir William, “The General Characters of the Crania of the 
People of Scotland,” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xxxvii., 1903, pp. 392-408. 
