44 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
from adding to the list only because he had not seen the filiform extensions of the 
sarcode. He further states his belief that many well-known minute fossils would prove 
to be true Rhizopods. 
But little advance was made on this arrangement until the researches of Claparede 
and Lachmann, some seventeen years later, and the publication by them of a series of 
memoirs on the Rhizopoda and allied organisms, 1 embodying a scheme of classifica- 
tion which has served as a groundwork for many subsequent systematists. The Class 
was grouped by these authors in the following manner : — 
Class. 
RHIZOPODA, . 
Claparede and Lachmann, 1858-9. 
Orders. 
I. Proteina, 
II. Echinocystida, 
III. Gromida, 
IV. Foraminifera, . 
Families. 
j Amcebina. 
( Actinopliryina. 
Acantliometrina . 
Tlialassicollina. 
Poiycystina.. 
Gh'omida. 
( Monotlialamia. 
\ Polyihalamia. 
The well-known Introduction to the Study of the Foraminifera, which appeared in 
1862, contained a preliminary essay on the Rhizopoda in general, as well as a chapter 
devoted more particularly to the systematic arrangement of the Foraminifera; and since that 
time the principles of classification laid down by Dr. Carpenter and his colleagues have 
been accepted and acted npon by students of the Foraminifera in this country, with very 
little exception. The arrangement of the Rhizopoda which is there proposed, 2 resembles 
in its more important features that introduced by Claparede and Lachmann, but is even 
more simple in its details. The nature of the pseudopodia, whether lobose, simple and 
radiating, or reticulated and anastomosing, forms the basis of the distinction between the 
three primary divisions. The whole is summarised in the subjoined table: — 
Class. 
RHIZOPODA, . 
Carpenter, 1862. 
Orders. 
I. Lobosa, 
II. Radiolaria, 
- III. Reticulosa, 
Families. 
Amcebina. 
f Adinophryna. 
j Acantliometrina. 
j Poiycystina. 
y Tlialassicollina. 
i Gh'omida. 
j Foraminifera. 
1 Etudes sur les Infusoires et les Rhizopodes, vol. i. p. 434. — Professor Max Scliultze’s memoir, bearing date four 
or five years earlier than this, contains a scheme of classification, but as it refers primarily to the Polythalamia I have 
preferred to notice it later on. 
2 Introd. Foram, p. 17. In subsequent portions of the work, Order III. is written Reticularia ; and in the 
classification of the Reticularia, pp. 62, 149, &c., the term “ Family ” is applied to the smaller subordinate groups, 
Miliolida , Lituolida, Lagenida, &c. 
