74 
THE VOYAGE OE H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Sub-family 3. Tinoporinss, — test consisting of irregularly heaped chambers, with 
(or sometimes without) a more or less distinctly spiral primordial portion ; for the most 
part without any general aperture. 
Test lenticular or subspheroidal, with radiating marginal 
spines and tuberculated surface ; central chambers 
forming a planospiral disk, which is thickened by 
an aggregation of smaller chambers arranged in tiers 
on the two sides. No general aperture. Supple- 
mental skeleton traversed by canals, 
Test free or attached, spheroidal or spreading ; structure 
acervuline, radiating, or laminated. Chambers 
rounded or polyhedral; coarsely perforated. No 
supplemental skeleton, no canal system, and no 
general aperture, ..... 
Test adherent, planoconvex, spreading ; margin thin and 
irregular ; surface areolated. Chambers more or less 
acervuline, variable in size ; walls finely perforated. 
Apertures numerous, marginal. No canal system, . 
Test columnar, branching, growing attached by' the base ; 
segments very numerous, crowded more or less 
regularly round the long axis ; no general aperture, 
the coarse perforation of the shell taking its place, . 
Test parasitic, encrusting or arborescent ; surface areolated, 
colour pink or (less frequently) white. Interior 
partly occupied by small chambers arranged in more 
or less regular layers, and partly by non-segmented 
canal-like spaces, often crowded with sponge- 
spicules. No true canal system, 
Tinoporus, Carpenter (Mont- 
fort ?). 
Gypsina, Carter. 
Aphrosina, Carter. 
Thalamopora, 1 Eoemer. 
Polytrema, Eisso. 
Family X. NUMMULINIDJE. 
Test calcareous and finely tubulated ; typically free, polythalamous, and symmetrically 
spiral. The higher modifications all possessing a supplemental skeleton and a canal 
system of greater or less complexity. 
Sub-family 1 . Fusulininse, — test bilaterally symmetrical; chambers extending 
from pole to pole ; each convolution completely enclosing the previous whorls. Shell- wall 
1 The zoological relationship of the fossil genus Thalamopora is still a matter of dehate ; the position it here 
occupies is suggested hy Reuss’s description and figures. 
