REPORT ON THE FORAMINIFERA. 
233 
Length of the branching form often ^ inch (12 or 13 mm.) ; diameter of radiate speci- 
mens somewhat less. 
I entirely agree with the Rev. A. M. Norman in regarding the deep-water Astrorhiza 
as something quite distinct from the Astrorhiza Umicola of Sandahl, to which species it 
had been assigned by Profs. M. and G. 0. Sars and Dr. Carpenter ; and have adopted 
the name which he has suggested for it in his Report on some of the Invertebrata 
collected during the cruise of the “Valorous” in 1875 ( loc . cit.). In point of fact 
Astrorhiza Umicola and Astrorhiza arenaria differ from each other as much in the minute 
characters of the test as in general form. In external contour Astrorhiza arenaria is 
either compressed and stellate, with the rays short and rounded, or it consists of branching 
cervicorn masses, and the walls are composed of uniform fine sand loosely aggregated ; whilst 
Astrorhiza Umicola is typically stellate, the rays assuming the form of long slender tubes 
often subdivided at the extremities into finer tubuli, and the walls are built of indiscrimi- 
nate mud. The one inhabits the sea-bottom at depths never less than 150 fathoms or 
thereabouts, the other is found in shallows seldom much exceeding 20 or 30 fathoms. 
Astrorhiza arenaria has the apertures in the rounded ends of the rays or terminal branches 
filled with loosely packed sand, so as to be scarcely distinguishable from the ordinary 
surface of the test ; whilst in Astrorhiza Umicola the simple or divided extremities of the 
tubular arms serve the same office. 
Astrorhiza arenaria occurs on the coast of Norway (M. and G. 0. Sars), in Kars 
Fiord, 180 fathoms (Norman), and in the Faroe Channel at several points ranging in 
depth from 530 fathoms to 650 fathoms (Carpenter, Brady). A single fine-branched 
specimen is the sole representative of the species amongst the Challenger dredgings, its 
habitat being Station 142, off the Cape of Good Hope, 150 fathoms. 
Astrorhiza crassatina, H. B. Brady (PI. XX. figs. 1-9). 
Astrorhiza crassatina, Brady, 1881, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. xxi. N. S., p. 47. 
Test elongate, subcylindrical or irregular, extremities rounded ; consisting of a tube 
of uneven diameter, sometimes exhibiting a tendency to incipient segmentation, open 
at the two ends ; walls thick and friable, similar in composition and texture to Astrorhiza 
arenaria. Length, -j^th inch (10 mm.). 
There are many points of affinity between Astrorhiza crassatina and Astrorhiza 
arenaria. The general characters of the test, the material selected for its construction, 
and the mode in which it is employed are alike in the two species, and the frequent 
presence of a swollen cavity in the former, resembling central chamber of Astrorhiza 
arenaria is a further point of analogy. When there is no such chamber the tubular 
