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THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
dried dredged material, 1 and a very slight examination of specimens brought under 
notice in multitudes of this sort is sufficient to show the impossibility of subdivision on 
the basis of the characters alluded to. 
As compared with Haplophragmium canariense, the test of Haplophragmium 
latidorsatum has thicker walls and is more solidly built. Its involute habit of growth and 
comparatively small number of segments serve to distinguish it from the allied 
Haplophragmium scitulum. Like other thick-walled Lituolince, it frequently employs 
sponge-spicules to a greater or less extent in place of sand-grains in the construction of 
the test, as shown in the sectional drawing (fig. 10). 2 
A minute, flattened, few-chambered modification of the type occurs in dredged sand 
from Kandavu, Fiji Islands, 210 fathoms. The specimens, one of which is portrayed in 
fig. 14, a.b., are so uniform in character, that there appeared at first some reason to 
regard them as representatives of a distinct variety, but further examination has not 
confirmed this view. 
Haplophragmium latidorsatum is one of the commonest deep-water species of 
arenaceous Foraminifera. Its area of distribution extends from the shores of Franz-Josef 
Land, in lat. 79° to 80° N., depth 113 to 135 fathoms, to the Antarctic Ice-barrier, 
lat. 65° 42' S.; and the list of localities includes — twenty-four Stations in the North 
Atlantic, the depths ranging from 390 to 2740 fathoms; six Stations in the South 
Atlantic, 675 to 2745 fathoms; four in the Southern Ocean, 1300 to 2600 fathoms; 
twenty in the South Pacific, 147 to 2600 fathoms ; and nine in the North Pacific, 
2050 to 3950 fathoms. 
With regard to its occurrence in the fossil state, I can add nothing to the information 
furnished by the memoirs referred to in the synonymy, namely, that it has been found 
in the Septaria-clay of Hermsdorf, near Berlin (Bornemann), in the Salt-clay of 
Wieliczka in Galicia (Reuss), and in the Clavulina-szaboi beds of Hungary (Hantken); all 
of which are of Middle Tertiary age. 
Haplophragmium scitulum, H. B. Brady (PL XXXIV. figs. 11-13). 
Haplophragmium scitulum, Brady, 1881, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. xxi., N. S., p. 50. 
„ „ Id. 1882, Proc. Boy. Soc. Edin., vol. xi. p. 711. 
Test nautiloid, depressed, excavated at the umbilici, rounded at the periphery ; com- 
posed of about three convolutions, the outermost, consisting of from eight to eleven 
segments, only partially enclosing the earlier ones. Segments compactly fitted, with 
little or no external depression at the sutures. Aperture a simple curved slit at the inner 
1 See Quart. Journ Micr. Sci., vol. xxi., N. S., p. 69, under Sars’s name Haplophragmium subglobosum. 
2 With Moebius this tendency serves as the basis of generic distinction, which is manifestly endowing it with too 
much importance. His figured specimen, Raphidohelix eligans, Foram. von Mauritius, pi. ii. fig. 2, is a marvellous example 
of spiculiferous test-building. 
