REPORT ON THE FORAMINIFERA. 
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Sub-family 2. Trochammininee. 
Thuramminci, H. B. Brady. 
Lituola , pars, Carpenter [1875]. 
Thurammina, Brady [1879], Biitschli, Carpenter, IJlilig, Haeusler. 
Test (typically) free ; consisting of a single round, ovate, compressed, or irregularly- 
shaped chamber, sometimes enveloping one of smaller size. Surface beset with numerous 
perforated nipple-like protuberances. Walls thin, arenaceous, rarely chitino-arenaceous. 
The genus Thurammina takes the place in arenaceous series that Orbulinct occupies 
amongst the hyaline Foraminif era. As a generic group it presents a considerable range 
of characters, both in the contour and the minute structure of the investment. In its 
normal or typical form the test is nearly spherical, the walls being usually very thin ; and 
it has nipple-like orifices scattered over the surface, which are probably homologous with 
the larger set of pores in the Orbulince. 
In the living condition Thurammina is very widely distributed. It is found in all 
the great ocean basins, preferring as a rule the deeper areas. Out of twenty-six recorded 
localities, eighteen have depths set down at more than 1000 fathoms, and six at more 
than 2000 fathoms. 
No fossil representatives of the type were known, until the late publication by Dr. 
V. Uhlig of a brief paper on Jurassic Foraminifera, 1 in which certain Rhizopods closely 
resembling the living varieties of Thurammina were described, from specimens found in 
beds of Upper Jurassic age at Olomutschan near Brtinn in Austria, and from similar 
formations in Wurtemberg. Some of these, which Dr. Uhlig has been good enough to 
send to me for identification, appear to have all the characters of the genus, if not of the 
actual species, exemplified by the living forms. Still more recently Dr. R. Haeusler of 
Brugg has obtained well-characterised examples of the type from the Jurassic formations 
of Switzerland, a fact which he has kindly enabled me to verify by the examination of 
numerous specimens. 
Thurammina papilmta, H. B. Brady (PI. XXXVI. figs. 7-18). 
“ Orbuline Lituola Carpenter, 1875, The Microscope, 5th ed., p. 533, tig. 273, g. h. 
Thurammina -papillata, Brady, 1879, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. xix., N. S., p. 45, pi. v. 
figs. 4-8. 
„ ,, Carpenter, 1881, The Microscope, 6th ed., p. 561, fig. 320, g. h. 
,, „ Haeusler, 1883, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. xi. p. 262, pi. viii. 
Test typically free, and consisting of a single spherical chamber, the surface of 
which is studded with irregularly disposed perforated papillae ; rarely adherent ; not 
1 Ueber einige oberjurassische Foraminiferen mit agglutinirender Schale. Neues Jahrh. fur Min., &c., 1882, vol. 
p. 152. 
