REPORT ON THE FORAMINIEERA. 
513 
Nodosaria turgidula , Costa, 1856, Atti dell’ Accad. Pont,, vol. vii. p. 152, pi. xiii. fig. 3. 
„ raphanus, Parker and Jones, 1859, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. iii. p. 477. 
,, bactroides, Reuss, 1862, Sitzungsb. d. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xlvi. p. 37, pi. ii. fig. 5, 
„ lamelloso-costatci, Id. Ibid. p. 38, pi. ii. fig. 6. 
„ prismatiea , Id. Ibid. p. 36, pi. ii. fig. 7. 
,, rapharms, Silvestri, 1872, Nodos. Foss, e Yiv. d’ltal., p. 43, pL iv. figs. 67-81. 
„ obscura , Reuss, 1874, Das Elbthalgebirge in Sachsen, pt. ii. p. 81, pi. xx. figs. 1|4. /*"/ 
Nodosaria rapharms may be accepted as the type of the stoutly built somewhat 
tapering Nodosarians, with comparatively few strongly developed costae. The figures 
given by Plancus and Gaultieri allow considerable latitude as to minor particulars, that 
furnished by the latter author being relatively longer and more tapering than the rest. 
They represent jointly a group of forms with characters intermediate between those of 
Nodosaria raphanistrum and Nodosaria scalaris. 
The species varies greatly in the size of the test and in the substance and prominence 
of the costae. Under favourable conditions, at depths of 150 to 600 fathoms, specimens 
attain large dimensions, sometimes a length of f^th inch (10 mm.) or even more. 
The costae vary in number from about six to twelve ; their outer margins are usually 
obtusely angular or blunt, but occasionally become thin and sharp as in the fine examples 
selected for the illustrations, PI. LXIV. figs. 6-10. Specimens with prominent sharp-edged 
costae, more or less resembling these, are figured by cl’Orbigny as Nodosaria lamellosa 
(Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. vii. p. 253, pi. x. figs. 4-6), by Neugeboren as Nodosaria 
compressiuscula (Naturw. Verhandl. u. Mitth., Jahrg. iii. p. 59, pi. i. figs. 54-56), and by 
Silvestri as Nodosana acute-costata (Nodos. Foss, e Yiv. d’ltal, p. 48, pi. iv. figs. 82-89). 
Amongst the recent specimens are some precisely corresponding with the figures last 
quoted. 
Nodosaria raphanus is found in the North and South Atlantic, the South Pacific, the 
Mediterranean, and the Adriatic, but I have no record of its presence in the North 
Pacific, and it is neither so common nor so generally distributed as the more slender and 
arcuate costate varieties. Its bathymetrical range appears to extend to about 1400 
fathoms. 
Geologically speaking, it is one of the oldest of the Nodosarian forms, occurring as far 
back as the Upper Trias; and it is of frequent occurrence in subsequent formations, both 
of Secondary and Tertiary age. 
Nodosaria ohliqua, Linne, sp. (PI. LXIV. figs. 20-22). 
“ Orthoceras minimum,” &c., Gaultieri, 1742, Index Test., pi. xix. fig. N. 
Nautilus obliquus, Linne, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,p. L163, 281 ; — 1788, Ibid., 13tli (Gmelin’s) 
Ed., p. 3372, No. 14. 
,, jugosus, Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., p. 198, pi. xiv. fig. 4. 
Orihocera obliqua, Lamarck, 1822, Anim. sans Vert., vol. vii. p. 594, No. 4. 
Nodosaria sulcata, Nilsson, 1827, Petrif. Suec., p. 8, pi. ix. fig. 19. 
