REPORT ON THE FORAMINIEERA. 
517 
Lingulina, d’Orbigny. 
“ Orthoceratium, ” pars, Soldani [1791]. 
Lingulina, d’Orbigny [1826], Reuss, Bornemann, Costa, Neugeboren, Williamson, Parker and 
Jones, Karrer, Carpenter, Schwager, Staclie, Pourtales, Giimbel, &c. 
Nodosaria ( Mucronina ), d’Orbigny [1826], 
The generic term Lingulina is reserved for the compressed modifications of the straight 
Nodosarice. Such species may have either the elongate slender proportions of the 
typical Nodosarians or the shortened contour of the Glanduline members of the genus. 
The aperture is normally a narrow fissure corresponding in shape to the transverse section 
of the final segment, but frequently takes the form of a round or oval orifice, either some- 
what produced as in Nodosaria, or situated at the middle of an elongate depression. 
These characters are too variable to be of much zoological value, and the forms to 
which they apply represent rather the transition stages between Nodosaria proper and 
Frondicularia, than a definite generic group. 
Except in the tropical and sub-tropical portions of the Atlantic, at depths of from 300 to 
600 fathoms, recent Lingulince are nowhere abundant ; nevertheless the genus is met 
with to a greater or less extent in both the North and South Pacific, the Mediterranean 
and the Adriatic. Its geological range extends from the Liassic period to the present 
time. In the Miocene age the costate varieties appear to have been widely diffused, but 
otherwise the type is of limited distribution. 
Lingulina carinata, d’Orbigny (PI. LXV. figs. 16, 17). 
“ Testae Ooales, olivi/ormes, pyriformes, fusiformes” &c., Soldani, 1798, Testaceograpliia, vol. ii. 
p. 37, pi. xii. fig. P., &c. 
Lingulina carinata, d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. vii. p. 257, No. 1 ; — Module, No. 26. 
„ „ Id. 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 124, pi. i. figs. 5, 6. 
,, „ Williamson, 1858, Rec. For. Gt, Br., p. 14, pi. ii. figs. 33-35. 
Neither of the drawings on PI. LXV. illustrates satisfactorily the typical characters 
of this species. Figure 16 represents an intermediate form, the later segments of which 
are only slightly compressed, altogether but little removed from the true Nodosarice ; 
and fig. 17 is a short specimen, with an unusually large primordial chamber, the oral end 
of which is armed with a pair of small marginal spines — the latter an anomalous feature. 
Excellent figures of the species, from recent specimens, are given by d’Orbigny and by 
Williamson in the works above referred to. 
The Challenger material has yielded very few examples of Lingulina carinata, as 
distinct from the subcostate modification (var. seminuda ), and only from the following 
Stations: — off Ki Islands 580 fathoms; off Honolulu coral-reefs, 40 fathoms; and off 
Nightingale Island, Tristan d’Acunha, 100 to 150 fathoms. It has, however, been 
found in shore-sand from Teneriffe, and from the West Indies (d’Orbigny) ; in soundings 
(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP. PART XXII. — 1884.) Y 66 
