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THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
and nearly circular in transverse section. The length is equal to about three times the 
width of the final segment ; it has six chambers, all slightly inflated, and the last is large 
in comparison with the others. The aperture is produced and marginal, and the aboral 
end of the test finishes in a blunt rounded point. 
The proportionate length and breadth of the shell is a character open to constant 
variation, and the specimens from which figs. 5 and 6 have been drawn are too short and 
stout, and the segments too little inflated to be quite typical ; nevertheless they form 
links of a series too closely connected for subdivision on the basis of minute differences 
of contour. The. figures referred to in the foregoing long array of synonyms exhibit 
a certain amount of diversity of form. Some of them represent shells of similar outline 
to the original model, others specimens of stouter build, more like the drawings on 
PI. LXY. ; but it would be very easy to increase the list without transgressing the 
legitimate bounds of the species. 
Marginulina glabra has been found in shallow water on the British coast, and at 
various depths down to 2740 fathoms in the North Atlantic; it occurs also in deep 
water in the Mediterranean. The Challenger collections have furnished specimens from 
two Stations in the South Atlantic, 420 fathoms and 2350 fathoms ; from nine Stations 
in the South Pacific, 15 fathoms to 1100 fathoms ; and from two in the North Pacific, 345 
fathoms and 2150 fathoms respectively. 
In the fossil condition, its presence has been recorded, under one name or other, in the 
Middle and Upper Lias of England, in the Cretaceous formations of Ireland, France, 
Germany, and Bohemia ; in the Septaria-clays of Germany, in the Clavulina-szaboi beds of 
Hungary, in the Miocene deposits of the Vienna Basin, in the later Tertiaries of Italy, 
and in the Crag of Suffolk. 
Marginulina costata, Batsch, sp. (PI. LXV. figs. 10-13). 
Nautilus ( Orthoceras ) costatus, Batsch, 1791, Conchyl. des Seesandes, p. 2, pi. i. fig. 1, a-g. 
“ Orthoceratia, Raphanus, Raphanistrum, et Rapistrum,” Soldani, 1791, Testaceographia, vol. i. 
pt. 2, p. 91, pi. xciv. figs. N, P, Q, R, X, Y. 
Marginulina raplianus, d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. vii. p. 258, No. 1, pi. x. figs. 7, 8; — 
Modele, No. 6. 
„ interamnice., Costa, 1856, Atti dell’ Accad. Pont., vol. vii. p. 184, pi. xiii. fig. 9. 
„ obliquestriata, Karrer, 1861, Sitzungsb. d. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xliv. p. 446, 
pi. i., fig. 8. 
„ striatocostata, Reuss, 1862, Ibid. voL xlvi. p. 62, pi. vi. fig. 2. 
„ turgida, Id. Ibid. p. 63, pi. vi. fig. 7. 
„ raphanus, Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1865, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, voL xvi. 
p. 19, pi. i. fig. 35. 
,, liamus, Terquem, 1866, Foram. du Lias, 6 i6me M4m., p. 501, pi. xxi. fig. 8, a,b. 
„ radiata, Id. Ibid. p. 505, pi. xxi. figs. 16, 17. 
„ raplianus, var. crebicosta, Seguenza, 1880, Atti R. Accad. dei Lincei, ser. 3, vol. vi. 
p. 90, pi. ix. fig. 6. 
