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THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
rounded or polygonal arese. The few recent specimens that have come under my 
notice have tolerably regular and well-formed apertures, as shown in the figure ; but the 
edges are somewhat square and abrupt, and it is not improbable that they may 
have a similar origin to those occasionally found in bottom specimens of Orbulina 
universa. 
The earliest satisfactory drawing of Orbulina porosa is that given by Terquem under 
the name Orbulina liasica ; but in his description of the species it is stated that the 
organism is the same as that which he had previously named Globulina porosa. 
Having the choice of two specific terms, I have preferred the earlier, not only on the 
ground of precedence, but because it happens to be more appropriate to a still-living 
organism. 
Orbulina porosa is an exceedingly rare Foraminifer. It does not occur in any of the 
pelagic collections, although Globigerince with similar superficial markings are not 
uncommon at certain points ; and it has only been recognised in the bottom dredgings 
from one Challenger Station,- — off Culebra Island, West Indies, 390 fathoms. It has, 
however, been found by the Eev. A. M. Norman in two of the “ Valorous ” soundings 
in the North Atlantic, namely, Station 9, depth 1750 fathoms, and Station 15, 
depth 1485 fathoms. 
In the fossil state it has been observed in the Lias of the Moselle (Terquem), in the 
White Jura of St. Veit, near Vienna (Karrer), and in the Pliocene Sands of the neigh- 
bourhood of Rome (Terrigi). 
Hastigerina, Wyville Thomson. 
Nonionina, pars, d’Orbigny [1839], Ehrenberg. 
Lituola, pars, Jones and Parker [I860]. 
Globigerina, pars, Parker and Jones [1865]. 
Hastigerina , Wyville Thomson [1876], Brady. 
The genus Hastigerina was instituted by Sir Wyville Thomson for certain Globi- 
gerina-Yike organisms, obtained by means of the tow-net from the surface-water of mid- 
ocean. Similar specimens had been collected many years previously, under the same 
conditions, by d’Orbigny, but were assigned by him to the genus Nonionina. 
Hastigerina is essentially a pelagic type. The surface-specimens present considerable 
variety of contour, but they are all referrible to a single species, the salient characters of 
which are set forth in the subjoined description. 
forward to comparatively recent periods. The spherules are not of organic origin, but are the result of the coalescence 
of precipitated or finely comminuted carbonate of lime, in accordance with purely physical laws (vide, Monogr. Carb. and 
Perm. Foraminifera, p. 5). So far as I am aware, Orbulince have never been found in the fossil condition in sufficient 
numbers to constitute any sensible proportion of a geological deposit. 
