698 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Pulvinulina procera, H. B. Brady (PL CY. fig. 7, a.b.c.). 
Pulvinulina procera, Brady, 1881, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., voL xxi., N. S., p. 66. 
Test trochoid ; forming an elevated cone with rounded apex and flat or truncate 
inferior face ; composed of numerous convolutions, the last of which consists of about 
six segments ; segmentation very oblique, indistinct on the superior face, especially near 
the centre ; sutures and periphery more or less limbate on the inferior side ; aperture an 
arched slit at the margin of the final segment, near the umbilicus. Diameter, -^ynd inch 
(IT mm.). 
This species finds its nearest ally in Pulvinulina schreibersii, to which in many 
respects it bears a close resemblance ; the tall conical outline of the test, however, is 
sufficiently distinctive. 
Pulvinulina procera occurs in coral-sands dredged off Kandavu, Fiji Islands, 210 
fathoms; and at two points in Torres Strait — off Baine Island, 155 fathoms, and off 
Cape York, 3 to 11 fathoms. 
Pulvinulina karsteni, Reuss, sp. (PL CY. .figs. ,8, 9). 
Rotalia karsteni, Reuss, 1855, Zeitsclir. d. deutscli. geol. Gesellsch., vol. vii. p. 273, pi. ix. fig. 6. 
Pulvinulina karsteni, Brady, 1864, Trans. Linn. Soc. Loud., vol. xxiv. p. 470, pi. xlviii. fig. 15. 
,, repanda, var. karsteni, Parker and Jones, 1865, PhiL Trans., vol. civ. p. 396, 
pi xiv. figs. 14,15, 17; pi. xvi. figs. 38-40. 
The test of Pulvinulina karsteni, in well-developed specimens, is nearly round and 
very regularly built, convex on both faces, and with obtuse subangular periphery. It is 
. composed of from three to four convolutions, the final circuit having about seven 
chambers; the sutures, which are marked by fine lines on the superior face, are somewhat 
depressed on the inferior ; and the margin of the test on the inferior side has a limbate 
border. 
Pulvinulina karsteni is not a pelagic species. It is most at home and attains its best 
dimensions in the bottom-mud of the arctic seas, and is entirely wanting within the tropics. 
It was found in twenty-one out of the twenty -four samples of the sea-bottom, procured 
from depths of 13 to 220 fathoms, in Baffin’s Bay and Smith Sound, on the last British 
North-Polar Expedition, the most northerly being at lat. 83° 19' N. ; and it was present 
in all the soundings, seventeen in number, taken on the shores of Novaya Zemlya and 
Franz- Josef Land, at depths of 70 to 145 fathoms, during the Austro-Hungarian 
Expedition. It has been dredged off Shetland, in Dublin Bay, and at two “ Porcupine ” 
Stations and one Challenger Station in the North Atlantic, the latter, in lat. 38° 34' 
N., representing its southern limit in the northern hemisphere. In the southern 
hemisphere the species is less common, and the specimens as a rule of smaller size ; 
nevertheless, characteristic examples have been obtained in Challenger material from 
