REPORT ON THE FORAMINIFERA. 
705 
developed typical shells are double. The specimens from which figs. 2 and 3 have 
been drawn are somewhat thicker and more compactly built than those commonly met with 
in northern seas, but in other respects they illustrate fairly the characters of the species. 
Under the name Rotalina niticla (Rec. For. Gt. Br., p. 54, pi. iv. figs. 106-108), 
Prof. Williamson has described a starved modification of the type, frequent in some 
localities. The test is of small dimensions and of patelloid or subconical outline. Its 
walls are extremely thin and the septa are single. 
The fine discoidal variety, named by d’Orbigny Rotalia ( Turbinulina ) ammoniformti 
(Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. vii. p. 276, No. 55 ; — Soldani, Testaceographia, vol. i. p. 55, 
pi. xxxiv. fig. K), common amongst the shore-sands of the Adriatic, and as a fossil 
in some of the later Tertiaries of Central Italy, differs from the typical Rotalia beccarii 
in the more complanate form of the shell, its very numerous segments, the absence of 
superficial granulation, and the somewhat evolute disposition of the later convolutions. 
It derives a certain interest from the fact that in respect of septation the test presents 
intermediate characters, some of the septa being single, whilst others of the same shell 
are distinctly double. 
Rotalia beccarii is essentially a shallow-water species, most abundant in the littoral 
and laminarian zones of temperate seas. It inhabits the margins of all the great oceans, 
except the Arctic and the Antarctic, as well as those of the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, 
and the Red Sea. The farthest point north at which I find any note of its occurrence 
is about lat. 60° N., in the Shetland Seas ; and its most southerly locality, off the Cape 
of Good Hope, lat. 35° S. The record of its distribution leaves no doubt that its home, 
whatever the latitude, is at depths of less than 50 fathoms; at the same time small 
specimens are known to occur sporadically in much deeper water, and such examples 
have been found at four Challenger Stations, of which the depths range from 1350 to 
2950 fathoms. 
Its earliest appearance as a fossil is about the middle of the Tertiary epoch. It has 
been obtained from the Miocene formations of Austria (Reuss, Karrer), and of Calabria 
(Seguenza) ; from the later Tertiaries of Central and Southern Italy, Spain, the Island 
of Rhodes, Bulgaria, New Zealand, &c. (Costa, Seguenza, Terquem, Jones and Parker, 
&c.) ; from the Crag of the eastern counties of England (Jones, Parker, and Brady) ; and 
from the Post-tertiary deposits of England, Scotland, Ireland, Norway, and Italy (Sars, 
Crosskey and Robertson, Wright, &c.). 
Rotalia broeckhiana, Karrer (PI. CVII. fig. 4, a.b.c.). 
Rotalia broeckhiana, Karrer, 1878, Drasche’s Geol. cl. Insel Luzon, p. 98, pi. v. fig. 26. 
A small thick variety of Rotalia beccarii, with somewhat tall spire and convex inferior 
face. 
