— 33 — 
“In Gray’s Manual,” Sixth Edition, 1890, the Hepaticae were elaborated 
by Dr. Underwood and give 144 species. This list needs revision and many 
additions. 
Below we give several good reference books that are generally to be 
found in University and Botanical libraries : 
Stephani, “Species Hepaticarum ” which is being published in Bull, de 
l’Herbier Boissier. 
Schiffner, in “ Engler and Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien,” 
gives the sequence of genera usually followed. 
“Synopsis Hepaticarum,” by Gottsche, Lindenberg and Nees, 1844. 
Karl Muller is publishing a comprehensive work in Rabenhorst’s “ Kryp- 
'togamen-flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich, etc.” Vol. 6. 
“Monographie der Lebermoosgattung Scapania Dum.” by Karl Muller. 
“ Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg, Leber und Torfmoose,”^)y 
C. Warnstorf. 
“ On Cephalozia-” by Richard Spruce. 
“ Hepaticae of the British Isles,” by Pearson. 
“Contributions to the Biology of the Hepaticae,” by F. Cavers. Eng- 
land, 1904. 
“ Hepatics of the British Islands,” by Canon Henry Wm, Lett. 
“A Revised Key to the Hepatics of the British Islands,” by Symers M. 
Macvicar. 
“Mosses with a Hand-Lens.” Second Edition, Including the Hepatics. 
A. J. Grout. New York City. 
ALNUS OREGANA AS CRYPTOGAMIC HOST. 
A. S. Foster. 
When the virgin forest of the Lower Columbia Region is removed, 
Nature, in her efforts at reforesting, covers the 'ground the first season with 
thistles and fireweed, and brambles, ferns and mosses, especially if the 
area has been burned over, play their part in reclaiming the territory. But 
in two or three years the western alder, Alnus Or eg ana, has sown its seeds 
everywhere, and the following year the tract becomes an alder thicket. 
Indeed it has already occupied the swampy places, as it does not object to 
“ wet feet ” and may have been an under-shrub, which is now able to lift its 
head above its neighbors and ready to encroach upon the hemlocks and 
spruces. This alder seems hardy, but seldom lives to any great age, 
because it cannot overtop the lofty spruce. 
In its younger stages, the smooth, clean bark of the alder makes an 
excellent place of lodgement for the spores of lichens. When only five or 
six years old — a mere pole — it begins to show the markings of the thalloid 
forms, some of which in their juvenile stages are not unlike the work of a 
rodent. Almost every part of the trunk becomes encrusted with thalli giv- 
ing to a young grove a mottled appearance. 
Various mosses also, of the same species nearly that Dr. Bailey enum- 
erates as growing on the large-leaved maple (See Bryologist 6:3, 1903), may 
