—23 — 
cup-bearing or obtuse; from one to three ranks, the lower rank long, the upper 
ranks and proliferations short; the cavity of the cups usually minutely 
farinose. Apothecia usually medium sized 0.5-5 mm. in diameter; scattered 
on the margins of the cups, or clustered at the dilated apices of the prolifera- 
tions; convex or depressed; commonly having a thin margin; scarlet. Hypo- 
thecium pale. Hymenium pale below and pale scarlet above. Paraphyses 
sometimes branched, not often enlarged or colored toward the apex. Asci 
cylindrico-clavate. Plate III. Fig. 1. 
On earth or rarely on rotting wood, on earth over rocks or in burned woods. 
Examined by the writer from Maine (Clara E. Cummings), New Hampshire 
(W. G. Farlow, Clara E. Cummings, G. K. Merrill, and Miss Cumming’s 
specimen was a .rather immature one referred to Cladonia cornucopioides 
pleurota in L. B. A.), Minnesota, Washington and Alberta (Bruce Fink), 
Wyoming (Aven Nelson), Montana (L. H. Pammel), Newfoundland (A. C. 
Waghorne), Alaska (Wm. Trelease), Canada (J. Macoun). C. H. Peck 
records from New York, and J. Macoun adds many localities in British 
America in his catalogue. Thus the distribution is throughout the northern 
United States and British America and southward in the mountains. Found 
in all the grand divisions. 
Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 21, 1823. 
Primary thallus finally disappearing or rarely persistent, composed of laciniate 
or incised crenate, medium sized or small squamules, which are 2-5 mm. in 
length and 0.5-1 mm. in width; ascending or nearly erect: nearly flat or 
somewhat involute ; scattered or clustered ; sea-green varying toward straw- 
colored, yellowish or whitish above and white below, or varying toward yel- 
lowish or brownish toward the base of the squamules ; without soredia. 
Pedetia arising from the squamules of the primary thallus or from those 
at the base of old podetia, or even as branches of old podetia; commonly 
elongated, 20-75 mm. in length and 0.5-5 mm. in diameter, subcylin- 
drical or tubaeform, cup-bearing or without cups and subulate; ranks usually 
1-3, the lowest and sometimes all of them elongated; sometimes branched: 
sides sometimes perforate; clustered or scattered; erect (with erect branches 
if present) or decumbent curved or flexuous ; corticate and without soredia, 
the cortex smooth or verrucose, continuous to dispersed-hreolate, or partly 
decorticate; more or less squamulose; corticate portions sea green, varying 
toward yellow, straw-colored or whitish, the decorticate portions whitish or 
straw-colored. Cups small, about 2-7 mm. in diameter; abruptly dilated, or 
scarcely wider than the tops of the podetia; quite regular or oblique; the 
margin subentire or dentate, or rarely proliferate with one to several prolifer- 
ation from the margin of the cup or rarely from the centre. Apothecia small 
or medium sized, about 0.5-4 mm. i n diameter; clustered or conglomerate on 
the apex of the somewhat dilated podetium or on the margin of the cup; at 
first flat and thinly margined, but soon becoming convex and immarginate 
(?), often becoming irregular and perforate; scarlet. Hypothecium pale or 
cloudy. Hymenium pale below and reddish above. Paraphyses usually 
simple and but little thickened toward the apex. Asci clavate or cylindrico- 
clavate. Plate III. Fig. 2. 
