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somewhat flat ; scattered or clustered: sea-green or rarely olivaceous above, 
white below or dull or yellowish toward the base: sometimes sorediate at the 
margin and below. Podetia arising from the surface of the primary thallus ; 
rather short but well developed, 10-50 mm. long; the lower part, 0.5-4 mm. 
in diameter and cylindrical or often incrassate below the cups; erect or 
decumbent ; simple or repeatedly proliferous ; the upper part and especially 
the cups sorediate or the cavity of the cups often corticate ; the lower part or 
sometimes the whole podetium covered with a continuous cortex; without 
squamules or more or less squamulose, whitish or yellowish-sea-green. Cups 
medium sized, 3-10 .mm, in diameter, 2-5 mm. high; commonly abruptly 
dilate, regular or irregular ; the margin commonly somewhat incurved, sub- 
entire, dentate, radiate or proliferate: imperforate. Apothecia medium sized, 
large or rarely small, 0.5-5 mm. in diameter: at the apices of the branches or 
rarely on the margin of the cups; simple or clustered; convex or immargin- 
ate ; scarlet. Hypothecium pale. Hymenium scarlet above, pale red below. 
Paraphyses simple or rarely branched, somewhat enlarged toward the apex. 
Asci cylindrico-clavate. 
On trunks and decaying wood in forests. Examined by the writer from 
Minnesota and Alberta (Bruce Fink), White Mountains (W. G. Farlow). 
Newfoundland (A. C. Waghorne). J. Macoun’s catalogue of Canadian plants 
reeords several localities from British America. The distribution for this 
species and Clcidonia deformis is about the same, both American and for- 
eign, both plants being confined to cold regions, but Cladonia deformis is by 
far the more common plant, at least in North America. Besides Cladonia 
digit ata monstrosa (Ach.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 1 ; 128. 1887, which is the 
common form and which we will consider the species, the following variety 
has been noted in North America: 
Cladonia digitata ceruchoides Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 1. 133. 
Podetia at least in part cupless with obtuse or subulate apices. 
Dr. Wainio records this variety from Oregon, collected by Dr. Lyall. 
He also records from three localities in Europe 
Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. Deutschl. FI. 120. 1796. Primary thallus 
usually dying away, when present composed of incised, crenate or lobed, 
medium sized squamules, 2-7 mm. long and wide; ascending or depressed, 
flat or somewhat involute or convex; sometimes lacunose; scattered or clus- 
tered; sea-green varying toward lighter or reddish, or even light red toward 
the base; below pale or brownish and sometimes sorediate. Podetia arising 
from the surface of the primary thallus, 25-85 mm. in length and 1-5 mm. in 
diameter; subcylindrical or rarely elongate-turbinate, cup-bearing or rarely 
cupless ; erect ; partly or entirely and uniformly sorediate, the lower portion 
usually corticate, the cortex continuous and lacunose, or rimose; the lower 
portion sometimes squamulose; the corticate portion yellow straw-colored to 
sea-green, the sorediate part sulphureous or straw-yellow. Cups gradually 
or abruptly dilated, imperforate, medium sized or small, 3-10 mm. in diam- 
eter; the margin subentire, dentate or often irregularly lacerate or prolifer- 
ate: the proliferations solitary or numerous and their apices minutely 
