2 
THE BRYOLOGIST 
VOL. XI 
March 1908 
No. 2 
FURTHER NOTES ON CLADONIAS. XIV. 
Cladonia digitata, Cladonia defer mis and Cladonia bellidiflora. 
Bruce Fink. 
In closing this series of papers with the present one, it seems necessary 
to consider three lichens which are somewhat closely related, have a very 
similar geographical distribution, and are quite closely related through 
Cladonia deformis to Cladonia coccifera, considered in the last paper. 
While the relation between these two lichens is not close enough to cause 
any difficulty as a rule, certain conditions may easily be confused, especially 
when immature. L.Scribasays in a letter, “but C. deformis is covered by 
mealy (farinose) soredia and C. coccinea pleurota by granulose soredia.” 
Also, while the first two lichens of the present paper are usually distinct 
enough, the writer has collected specimens that were very difficult to locate, 
seeming to occupy a medium place between the two species. Cladonia 
bellidiflora does not grow with the other two usually, and could scarcely be 
confused with them, but it is very frequently found growing with Cladonia 
coccifera , as the writer found in Washington and in Alberta in the summer 
of 1906. However, Cladonia bellidiflora is quite distinct from Cladonia 
coccifera , and would not be confused with it by one fairly well acquainted 
with lichens. 
There are a number of scarlet-fruited Cladonias that might well receive 
attention in this series of papers, but they are southern in distribution, for 
most part, and have not been studied very closely by the writer, nor has 
more than one of them been submitted to Dr. Wainio. They are Cladonia 
leporina, Cladonia reticulata (~C. Boryi ), Cladonia papillaria and 
Cladonia Santensis. 
There has been no attempt made in this series of papers to consider all 
of the North American Cladonias, but the object has been rather to discuss 
those species which the writer has come in contact with most by collecting 
and through specimens for determination and on which he has the aid of Dr. 
Wainio very extensively. 
In closing the series, the writer wishes once more to express our very 
great indebtedness to Dr. Wainio for the aid so freely given to our study of 
the Cladonias, to L. Scriba, whose European specimens and determinations' 
have also aided greatly, to many persons who have aided by their collecting, 
to the editor of The Bryologist for excellent service, and to those who have 
aided with photographs. 
Cladonia digitata (Auctt.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic, 22. 1823. Primary 
thallus persistent or finally dying, composed of lobed or incised, large or 
medium sized squamules, which are 2-15 mm. long and wide; involute or 
The January BRYOLOGIST was issued January 2, 1908. 
