THE BRYOLOGIST. 
Vol. XII 
January 1909 
No. 1 
LICHEN NOTES No. 7. 
Cladonia multiformis (nom. nov.) Bry. 6: 1908. 
G. K. Merrill. 
Explanation of Plate I. Cladonia multiformis. 
All the above specimens here illustrated were collected in South Thomas- 
ton, Maine, within a limited area. An attempt has been made to show in 
sequence the stages of development between the scyphiform juvenile 
plant, and maturer conditions ultimately branched. No. 1 illustrates simple 
podetia without proliferations; Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 show both simple and pro- 
liferating conditions, and No. 6 cups in two ranks. The remaining numbers, 
excluding 22, are from specimens showing the beginnings of, and pro- 
gressively the extent and mode of ramification in branched states. All of 
these latter show the cups more or less perfectly, and make plain that the 
species is unquestionably scyphiform. No. 22 illustrates fissured and gaping 
podetia. 
Explanation of Plate II. Cladonia multiformis. 
No. 1. illustrates a specimen of C. furcata var. Finkii Wain, received 
from Dr. Bruce Fink. The cups are not well shown, and the plant is more 
foliolose than any in PI. I., but there can be no question of its being identi- 
cal. No. 2 is a short robust state remarkable for being corticated exactly as 
in C. gracilis var. dilatata and with its scyphi similar in shape. No. 3 is a 
well developed exclusively scyphiform condition determined by one authority 
as C. furcata var. paradoxa Wain., but the identification afterward 
amended when called a “scyphiform C. furcata No. 4 coming to the 
writer labelled as C. furcata v . paradoxa Wain., is an unaccountable opin- 
ion. It is comparable with No. 21 of PI. I. and No. 6 of the present. No. 
5 was determined by an Old World student as C. furcata v . paradoxa Wain, 
but afterward amended in the same manner as No. 3 ; it is comparable with 
Nos. 4 and 6 of PI. I. No. 6 is a well developed plant from central Maine 
attaining to 8 cent, in height, marked as C. furcata a. crispata by an Amer- 
ican authority. No. 7 was determined for the writer as C. crispata v. in- 
fundibulifera , with the remark “ cups very large,” and No. 8 an exactly simi- 
lar plant was identified by the same person as C. furcata v. Finkii with the 
remark “ nearer to this than racemosaf All reduced y z . 
The plates accompanying this paper provide a fairly complete pictorial 
view of a well known but little understood American Cladonia form. Associ- 
ated by Tuckerman with Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Fr., it is in part de- 
scribed under var. a. crispata Flk. in his Synopsis Pt. I, p. 247. American 
students have apparently found no difficulty in making Tuckerman’s descrip- 
tion of a. crispata fit such examples of C. multiformis as were brought to 
The November Bryologist' was issued November 2, 1908. 
