Cladonia multiformis. 
Primary thallus commonly evan- 
escent , but when observed, consist- 
ing of digitate, crenate or sinuous, 
small or medium sized squamules, 
growing compacted or diffused. 
Podetia irregularly sub-cylindri- 
cal at the base, commonly entire but 
sometimes fissured and gaping , slen- 
der or stout, simple or pseudo- 
branched by obliteration of an early 
scyphus , esquamulose or more or less 
leafy throughout, the cortex contin- 
uous or areolate, glaucescent, whit- 
ish-glaucescent, olivaceous, greenish, 
fuscescent or dark brown, scyphifer 
ous, the cups closed by a membrane , 
or rarely minutely porforated, 2-25 
mm. in width, narrowed or abruptly 
dilated, regular and the disk nearly 
uniform when small, but often 
oblique as the plant ages, old and ex- 
planate scyphi often becoming sul- 
cate, cribellate and lacerate be- 
tween the centre and margin, the 
margins dentate, or radiately or 
erectly proliferous, with cylindrical 
prolongations terminating in a cup, 
not uncommonly followed by from 
one to five more ranks, or the sec- 
ondary cup obsolete , when one , more 
or all of the proliferations may be- 
come branched , these erect, diver- 
gent or recurved, subcylihdrical or 
compressed, sulcate fissured and gap- 
ing, the summits furcate. 
Apothecia short-pedicellate on 
the margins of the cups, or terminal 
on the extremities of the ramuli in 
branched states, immarginate, con- 
vex or subglobose, and often perfor- 
ated at the centre. 
The contents of the hymeneum for both species offer no points of differ- 
ence. Italics mark the distinctive features of C. multiforjnis . 
The scyphi of C. crispata are infundibuliform or rarely closed, those of 
C. multiforniis typically closed or rarely perforated. This distinction while 
not infallible is of first importance in identification. 
Cladonia crispata infundibulifera. 
Primary thallus persistent or at 
length evanescent, of commonly 
medium sized ascendant squamules, 
these digitate laciniate, but the divi- 
sions mostly difform, growing com- 
pacted or diffused. 
Podetia irregularly sub-cylindri- 
cal, commonly uniform, slender or 
stout, simple or branched, erect, 
esquamulose or leafy at the base, 
the cortex continuous or areolate, 
glaucescent or whitish-glaucescent, 
olivaceous or variegated, scyphifer- 
ous, the cups perforated and fun- 
nel-shaped, 3-6 mm. in width, 
commonly abruptly dilated, regular 
or at length oblique, the margin 
dentate, or radiately and simply or 
at length repeatedly proliferous, 
each proliferation commonly termin- 
ating in a cup. 
Apothecia seated on the margins 
of the cups, sub-pedicellate, irregu- 
larly dispersed or aggregate. 
