—104— 
On sand stone, Santa Monica Mts. Perhaps not heretofore reported 
from North America. 
Superficially greatly like some of our saxicolous Heppioe. 
Buellia retrovertens Tuckerm. Syn. N. A. Li. II, 1888, p. 89. 
Thallus of small, whitish, round to angular convex squamules, separate 
and even more or less scattered, their circumference sometimes crenulate or 
sublobular. Reaction of cortex with KHO yellow, Ca (Cl O) 2 gives no 
reaction; hypothallus black; apothecia one half to one millimeter wide, sub- 
immersed, becoming sessile ; disk black, naked, from flat with a thin sub- 
crenulate, concolorous margin, becoming convex and the margin obscured; 
epithecium subcontinuous, dark brown; thecium colorless, with iodine blue; 
paraphyses coherent, clavate at the brown tips; hypothecium brown, nearly 
as dark as the epithecium; asci inflated clavate to subventricose ; spores in 
eight's, bilocular, ellipsoid and oblong-ellipsoid, brown, 0.013 to o.oi6yU long, 
0.006 to o.oo8yU thick. 
On trap rock, Santa Monica Mts. 
Sawtelle, California. 
SOME RARE ABNORMALITIES IN LIVERWORTS. 
W. C. Coker. 
In looking over hundreds of young sporophytes from a luxuriant colony 
of Amur a pinguis at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, I found two cases where 
two sporophytes were enclosed in a single calyptra. A longitudinal section 
of one of these twin sporophytes, represented in Fig. 1., shows clearly that 
the calyptra is compound, originating from two fertilized archegonia stand- 
ing close together. The necks of the archegonia are still plainly visible 
and there is a partition between the sporophytes extending from the top to 
about half way down. When we consider the manner in which the calyptra 
of Amur a originates the absence of a partition below is easy to under- 
stand. It is known that the venter of the archegonium contributes but 
slightly to the calyptra in this species, the larger part being formed by an 
upgrowth of the “ torus” tissue on which the archegonia were borne. 
The tissue which at first completely separated the young sporophytes 
was pierced at a certain stage by their approach to each other below. 
Continued growth at the base of the calyptra then elevated the partition 
leaving the lower parts of the sporophytes in a common cavity. It is 
evident, therefore, that this abnormality did not originate from a single 
archegonium which contained two eggs, such as I have described for Mnium 
(Bot. Gazette, Vol. 35, 1903) and Miss Bliss, for Polytrichum (Bot. Gazette, 
Vol. 36, 1903).* 
*For examples of two capsules or two entire sporophytes from one archegonium in 
mosses, and reference to literature see Gyorffy in Hedwigia Vol. 46, p. 262, 1907. 
For many abnormalities in the archegonia of Mnium see Holferty in Bot. Gaz. Vol. 
37, p. 106, 1904. 
