si 
THE BRYOLOGIST. 
Vol. IX. July, 1906. No. 4. 
FURTHER NOTES ON CLADONIAS. VIE 
Cladonia subcariosa, Cladonia mitrula and Cladonia leptophylla. 
Bruce Fink. 
Perhaps the first of our three species to be considered in this paper might 
better have been disposed of in the last paper of this series with Cladonia 
cariosa, to which species it it closely related. It certainly would seem that 
Cladonia mitrula , a very characteristic and common American species, 
should have first place in the considerations of the present paper ; and this 
species must be regarded as the central and important feature, the other two 
species as yet being very rare North American forms. However, in spite of 
its relative unimportance to the student of our Cladonias, Cladonia sub- 
cariosa , because of its closer relation to the species considered in the last 
paper, is entitled to first place in the caption, and in the considerations to 
follow. 
Cladonia subcariosa (Nyl) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2:38. 1904. Prim- 
ary thallus persistent or rarely disappearing, composed of subdichotomously 
divided, irregularly laciniate or crenate sinuate, flat, ascending or suberect, 
aggregated squamules, which are large or medium sized, 3-17 mm. long and 
nearly as wide, sea-green above or varying toward ashy or olivaceous, below 
whitish or finally dirty-brownish especially toward the base, the cortex con- 
tinuous and no soredia present. Podetia arising from the margin, or rarely 
from : 4 the upper surface of the squamules, about 5-15 mm. long (rarely 30 
mm.) and. 5-4 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical or thickened toward the top, 
cupless and always terminated by apothecia, simple or rarely furcate and 
often very shortly digitate, sides entire, finally fissured or rarely conspicu- 
ously rimose, the axils likewise usually closed or at length fissured, clustered 
or scattered, suberector rarely ascending, cortex subcontinuous orareolate, 
the areoles when present subcontinuous or quite close and scarcely elevated 
or elevated wart-like, without squamules or soredia or rarely sparsely squam- 
ulose, dull sea-green varying toward olivaceous or greenish, or the decorti- 
cate portions pale or whitish. Apothecia usually medium sized, .5-4 mm- 
in diameter, clustered-conglomerate, often somewhat lobed at the apex of the 
podetia or on their short branches, soon becoming convex and immarginate, 
brown or perhaps rarely varying toward reddish. Hypothecium pale. 
Hymenium brownish above and pale or brownish below. Paraphyses simple 
or rarely branched toward the thickened and brownish apex. Asci clavate 
or cylindrico-clavate. 
This species may best be known from Cladonia cariosa by the larger squam - 
ules and by their shorter, unbranched or slightly branched podetia, which 
show a less marked carious appearance and less commonly and conspicuously 
The May BryoLOGIST, was issued May 3 d, 1906 . 
