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more shaded places. Distributed throughout the United States, especially 
southward, being replaced largely northward by Cladonia cariosa (see la,st 
paper), but reported as far north as Alaska (“ Lichens of Alaska,” by Clara 
E. Cummings). Examined by the writer from Massachusetts (Clara E. Cum- 
mings and Henry Willey). Maryland (T. A. Williams,) North Carolina (C. / 
Russell), South Carolina (H. A. Greene), Lookout Mountains in Tennessee 
(W. W. Calkins, who distributed it as Cladonia cariosa ), Florida (W. W. 
Calkins), Louisiana (A. B. Langlois), Ohio (E. E. Bogue), Illinois (G. P. 
Clinton, W. W. Calkins and Bruce Fink), Iowa and Minnesota (Bruce Fink), 
Missouri (C. Russell and B. F. Bush), Nebraska (T. A. Williams), and British 
America (J. Macoun). Dr. Wainio’s Monograph would add Texas, New Jer- 
sey, New England, Pennsylvania and Mexico. Known also in South America. 
Dr. Wainio calls the typical form on earth Cladoiiia mitrula imbricata 
(Nyl) Wainio, and says the form on trees in somewhat open places is Cladonia 
mitrula abbreviata Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2 :i 6 . 1894. The last he cites 
from Brazil, and distinguishes it by smaller podetia, which are only .5-5 mm. 
long and .3-. 5 mm. in diameter. We may well look for this diminutive form 
.in our territory. 
H. A. Green’s specimen from South Carolina, referred to Cladonia 
cariosa , is perhaps nearer the present species. 
Cladonia leptophylla (Ach.) Flk. Clad. Comm. 19. 1828. Primary 
thallus commonly persistent, composed of subrotund, entire, crenate or 
rarely incised, flat or more or less convex, appressed or ascending, clustered 
squamules, which are. 5-2 mm. in length and width, whitish or pale sea- 
green above and pale below. Podetia arising from the surface of the primary 
thallus, 2-9 mm. long and 1-2 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical, cupless, 
always terminated by apothecia, simple or rarely fastigiately branched and 
the branches suberect, the sides commonly more or less open, the axils some- 
times fissured, clustered or scattered, erect, commonly decorticate and more 
« or less finely sorediate, rarely more or less squamulose, whitish or pale sea- 
green. Apothecia small or middling sized, 1-3 mm. in diameter, subsolitary 
at the apices of the podetia or on the branches, commonly convex and immar- 
ginate, brown or pale reddish brown. Hypothecium pale or pale-brownish. 
Plymenium pale or pale-brownish below and brownish above. Raraphyses 
commonly simple and frequently thickened and brownish toward the apex. 
Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate. 
This species is by no means easily distinguished from the last from any 
description. But the squamules are only about half as large, are not so ir- 
regular in form and are never suberect, being flat or ascending. The podetia 
are on the whole shorter and thicker, and more inclined to ecorticate and 
sorediate conditions. The first material sent to Europe by the present writer 
was sent to L. Scriba, who sent part of it to Dr. Wainio. It was sent as 
Cladonia mitrula, to which Scriba agreed, Wainio calling it Cladonia lepto- 
phylla. The writer afterward submitted again to Dr. Wainio material from 
a packet, which Mr. Scriba had returned to him with some European cladonias, 
the packet being part of the material originally sent to Scriba, collected all in 
