quently open- decorticate or sparsely areolate-corticate, or subcontinuous 
toward the base, the areoles sometimes scattered or entirely disappearing 
above where the podetia are sometimes sorediate: the corticate portions 
commonly squamulose with frequently laciniate squamules; ashy, sea-green, 
olivaceous or brown, or these colors variegated: commonly cup-bearing. 
Cups abruptly dilated, medium sized or small, usually perforate, the mar- 
gin commonly repeatedly proliferate. Apothecia small, 0.5-0. 7 mm. in diam- 
eter; on the margin of the cups or at the ends of branches or proliferations; 
subsolitary or clustered; thinly margined or immarginate; flat or becoming 
convex; brown or rarely pale brown or possibly approaching brick-red. 
Hypothecium pale. Hymenium pale or pale-brownish below and commonly 
brownish above. Paraphyses usually simple, sometimes thickened and 
brownish toward the apex. Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate. Plate IV. 
Figs. 1. A and B. 
On soil, especially humus, or on rocks partly covered with soil, rarely on 
rotting wood. Grows best in shaded moist places. Examined by the writer 
from New Bedford, Mass. (H. Willey, who determined as C. delicata ), 
Washington (W. W. Calkins, who determined as C. decor ticata), Newfound- 
land (A. C. Waghorne), White Mountains (W. G. Farlow), New York (E. A. 
Burt and Carolyn W. Harris), Ohio (E. E. Bogue), North Carolina (H. A. 
Green), New Hampshire (Clara E. Cummings and G. K. Merrill), Maine (col- 
lector unknown), Missouri (Colton Russell), Nebraska (T. A. Williams), Iowa,- 
Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio, Puget Sound, Alberta and British Columbia (Bruce 
Fink), Ontario (A.. C. Waghorne), Alaska (Wm. Trelease). Listed from 
Florida by Eckfeldt and Calkins, and Wainio adds Greenland, Vancouver 
Island, Alabama, and Louisiana. For further wide distribution in British 
America see John Macoun’s “Catalogue of Canadian Plants,” part VII. 
The above gives a general North American distribution, and the plant is 
also known in all the grand divisions. 
The plants listed above, so far seen by the writer, seem to be var. denti- 
collis (Hoffm.) Flk., which is common in Europe and America and must 
stand for the species. 
Cladonia squamosa muricella (Del.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 1: 431. 
1887. Podetia cupless, commonly almost completely decorticate, sometimes 
sparsely sorediate, more or less squamulose. 
Cited by Wainio from Vancouver Island, and listed from Massachusetts 
by H. Willey. The writer has seen the variety from Alaska, collected by 
Wm. Trelease, Known also in Europe, Asia and South America, 
Cladonia squamosa multibractiata (Flk.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
1: 437. 1887. Podetia cup-bearing and almost destitute of squamules, corti- 
cate. 
Determined from Rainy Lake City, northern boundary of Minnesota, by 
Dr. Wainio. The plants were small, the podetia being 10-25 mm. long and 
1-2.5 mm. in diameter, with irregular and proliferate cups. H. Willey 
regards this the common form at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and the writer 
lias found it in Iowa. Not known elsewhere in North America, and only 
found elsewhere in Europe. 
