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THE GENUS CALYP0GE1A AND ITS TYPE SPECIES. 
By Alexander W. Evans. 
Dr. Emilio Levier, of Florence, a careful student of the Hepaticae, has 
recently given excellent reasons why the generic names Kantia and Cincin- 
nulus should be set aside in favor of Calypogeia A Since Kantia has been 
accepted in North America for several years, a discussion of these reasons 
may perhaps be of interest to American botanists. 
The genus Calypogeia of Raddi was published in 1818. 1 2 3 In its original 
form it was composed of two divisions or sections, the first, A (examphigas- 
triatae), for species without underleaves, the second, B (amphigastriatae), for 
species with underleaves. In the section -A, Raddi placed two species, C. 
ericetorum and C. flagellifera, the first proposed as new, the second based 
on one of Micheli’s prelinnaean species. In the section B, he placed a single 
species, C. fissa (with the variety integrifolia ), but quoted under this species, 
as synonyms, the following: Mnium fissum L., Jungermannia sphaero- 
cephala With., Jungermannia Trichomanis Dicks., a prelinnaean species of 
Dillen, a species of Micheli, also prelinnaean, and Jungermamiia calypogea 
Raddi, the last-named species having been published ten years previously. 3 
The Jungermannia Trichomanis which is here given as a synonym was 
based on Mnium Trichomanis L. At the time Raddi wrote, M , Trichomanis 
and M. fissum were not considered distinct from each other, and both may 
be found quoted as synonyms of Jungermannia Trichomanis in Hooker’s 
British Jungermanniae, published in 1816. There is nothing surprising, 
therefore, in the fact that Raddi made no attempt to keep them apart. 
Three years after the appearance of Calypogeia , S. F. Gray proposed 
the genus Kantia (or Kantius ), with the single species K. Trichomanis . 4 
Under this species, following the example of Hooker, he gave both Mnium 
Trichomanis and M. fissum as synonyms. The following year the genus Cin- 
cinnulus of Dumortier was published, 5 6 also with a single species, C. Tricho- 
manis , which was the precise equivalent of Kan'tia Trichomanis S. F. Gray. 
Both Gray and Dumortier were at that time ignorant of the earlier work of 
Raddi, and Dumortier was also ignorant of the work of Gray. 
In 1829 Corda recognized the genus Calypogeia and proposed the name 
C. Trichomanis . 6 He based his species on Jungermania Trichomanis 
Dicks, and, like his predecessors, included under this species 'both Mnium 
Trichomanis and M. fissum. Why he chose Trichomanis as the specific 
name and discarded fissa , which Raddi had already chosen, is not stated. 
Perhaps it is because M. Trichomanis precedes M. fissum in the Species 
Plantarum of Linnaeus, where these names first appear. 
In 1836 Nees von Esenbeck also accepted the genus Calypogeia but saw 
1 Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1902: 92-98. 
2 Mem. Soc. Ital. delle Sci. in Modena 18 : 42. 1818. 
3 Atti dell’Accad. delle Sci. in Siena 9 : 236. pi. 3,f. 4-6. 1808. 
4 Nat. Arr. British Plants 1 : 706. 1821. 
5 Comm. Bot. 112. 1822. 
6 Opiz, Beitr. zur Naturg. 653. 1829. 
