—29— 
J. Sprengelii has not yet been reached, but there seems to be no good reason 
for applying this name to the Calypogeia fissa of Raddi. 
In the opinion of the writer C. fissa should -be recognized as a species, 
although its close relationship to C Trichomanis cannot be denied. All 
writers agree that the latter species is extremely variable, and it is prob- 
ably on this account that C. fissa has been so long overlooked or misunder- 
stood. Certain forms of C. Trichomanis are especially puzzling because they 
fail to show the characters of the species clearly and even simulate some of 
the characters which have been assigned to C. fissa. In typical forms the 
leaves are imbricated, undivided at the apex and scarcely or not at all decur- 
rent at the base, while the underleaves are large and orbicular with a shal- 
low apical sinus and rounded undivided lobes. Under conditions which 
interfere with normal development the leaves tend to become scattered and 
long-decurrent, thus changing their form completely, and the underleaves 
become smaller and more deeply bifid, and sometimes show acute divisions. 
The leaves even show a tendency at times to bebidentate, but this is usually 
most strongly marked on slender branches or at the base of a normal branch 
and is frequently associated with the formation of gemmae. In all proba- 
bility these bidentate leaves represent a reversion to a primitive or juvenile 
condition rather than a normal variation. In C. fissa the bidentate leaves 
are found on robust individuals, and although not invariably formed they are 
sufficiently frequent to yield a striking specific character. When they are 
found associated with small and deeply bifid underleaves there will be little 
danger of failing to distinguish the species. The synonymy of C. fissa may 
be given as follows: 
Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi. 
Mnium fissum L. Sp. Plant. 1114. 1753 (in part). 
fiingermannia fissa Scop FI. Carn 2: 348. 1772 (Ed. II.). 
Jungermannia sphaerocephala With. Bot. Arr. British PI. 3 : 854, 1796 
(Ed. ill.). 
Junger 7 )tan 7 iia calypogea Raddi, Attidell’ Accad. delle Sci. in Siena 9 : 236. 
pi. j \f. 4 - 6 . 1808. 
Calypogeia fissa Raddi, Mem. Soc. Ital. delle Sci. in Modena 18 : 44. pi. 6 , 
f. 3. 1818 . 
Calypogeia Trichoi 7 ianis repa 7 ida Nees, Naturg. der europ. Leberm. 3 : 89. 
1838. 
Ka 7 itia Tricho 7 na 7 'iis fissa'Lind.b. Acta Soc. Spi. Fenn. 10 : 508. 1875. 
Kantia calypogea Lindb. Hepat. Utv. 20. 1877. 
Calypogeia TrichotTianis fissa Bernet, Cat. des Hepat. Suisse, etc. 108. 
1888. 
Kantia Sprengelii Pears. Hep. British Isles 138 . pi. 32 . 1900. Not Pii 7 iger- 
77 ian 7 iia Sprengelii Mart. 
Cincmnulus calypogea C. Mull. Frib. Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 13:98. 1902. 
Cincinnulus Tricho 77 ianis fissa Boulay, Muse, de la France 2: 51. 1904. 
Calypogeia fissa is known, to have a wide geographical distribution in 
Europe although its range has not yet been very definitely ascertained. It 
seems on the whole to flourish best in warm climates. Scarcely anything is 
