- 45 — 
Cladonia degenerans euphorea (Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. i: 200. 1858. 
Podetia without squamules, or the lower portion sparsely squamulose, the 
sterile cups regular and the fertile ones subregular, sometimes proliferate. 
The plants determined by Dr. Wainio were collected at Kettle Falls and 
at Harding, both in northern Minnesota. Not known elsewhere in America. 
Well known in Europe One of our specimens submitted to Dr. Wainio 
looked suspiciously like Cladonia gracilis dilatata , and was submitted a sec- 
ond time with the result that it was returned simply Cladonia degenerans. 
We can not question Dr. Wainio’ s determination and now see why he placed 
the plant as he did, but the practical difficulty for the ordinary worker in dis- 
tinguishing such forms is very great. For the illustration of this form, we 
give in one figure plants from each of the two collections. A glance at the 
figure will show those acquainted with C. gracilis, which plants of the fig- 
ure resemble it most strongly. 
Cladonia degenerans cladomorpha (Ach.) Wainio, Mon. Clad. Univ. 
1: 141. 1894. Podetia without squamules or sparsely squamulose toward 
the base, cup-bearing, the cups irregular with lacerate and sometimes 
proliferate margins, or sometimes abortive or disappearing in the pro- 
liferations. 
A single collection made at Emo along the northern boundry of Minne- 
sota, was placed here by Dr. Wainio. Not known elsewhere in America. 
Frequent in Europe. Oxford, Ohio. 
CATHARINEA IN HARTFORD COUNTY. 
Annie Lorenz. 
Hartford County, in the Connecticut valley, lies chiefly in a Triassic 
region, although the Eastern Highlands enter the southeast corner of the 
county at South Glastonbury. 
The main formations are sandstones and shales, but the trap dykes are 
the most conspicuous features of the landscape. The country east of the 
river is largely sand-plain, extending to the foothills of the Highlands. This, 
with its western exposure, gives East Hartford a rather warmer climate than 
that of the western side of the river, and produces a flora in some respects 
curiously resembling that of the shore of Long Island Sound. This makes a 
good variety of soils, as the trap, a lime-and-soda feldspar, furnishes the 
modicum of lime which is necessary to so many species. 
From a geological standpoint, mosses may be roughly divided into three 
classes according to their habitat: those requiring lime in the substratum on 
which they grow ; those that sedulously avoid limestone, Kalkmeidend , as 
the Germans say, and those that are not particular. Kerner holds that it is 
not that certain species like the limestone, but that they can tolerate it, while 
the others cannot. However that may be, a region containing any lime- 
stone has always a much richer flora than one without. This applies with 
equal emphasis to the Hepaticae. 
The third class above mentioned includes most of the commoner cosmo- 
politan mosses, and among them the Catharineae. 
