— 6o — 
isfactory, it is hoped that it will enable American workers to recognize the 
species and perhaps the forms given below. For other forms that are per- 
haps quite as likely to occur with us, the reader is referred to Dr. Wainio’ s 
Monograph. 
Cladonia pityrea phyllophora (Mudd. ) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2: 355, 
1894. Podetia cupless, only 10-30 mm. in length, more or less squamulose, 
corticate and without soredia. But Dr. Wainio admitted here one of our 
forms, more or less decorticate. Specimens collected at Emo, on the north- 
ern boundary of Minnesota and on Oak Island, in the Lake of the Woods, 
were placed here by Dr. Wainio. Elsewhere recognized only in Europe. 
Cladonia pityrea subacuta Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2: 355, 1894. 
Podetia cupless, 10-35 mm. in length, wholly granulose, or verrueose or 
areolate-corticate toward the base, almost devoid of squamules. 
A single specimen from Emo was placed here by Dr. Wainio. Not 
known elsewhere from North America. More or less common in Europe. 
Cladonia pityrea cladomor°pha (Flk.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2: 255,1894. 
Podetia cup-bearing, the ranks quite short (about 12 mm.), granulose or sore- 
diate, often verrueose or areolate-eorticate toward the base, devoid or almost 
devoid of squamules. 
The great similarity of the last two varieties or forms is apparent 
enough from the descriptions, and Dr. Wainio referred the cupless podetia 
-of the collection from Emo to the last variety above, and those having cups 
to the present one. The taxonomic value of such forms may be doubted, 
but we record them, leaving the future to decide as to their value. A speci- 
men collected in California by Dr. Given (1869) and sent to the writer as 
Cladonia pyxidata was referred to the present form by Dr. Wainio. Except 
for these two forms submitted to Dr. Wainio, not recognized in America. 
.Several European exsiccati have been placed here. 
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. 
NOTES ON RECENT LITERATURE II 
Notes on the Physiology of the Sporophyte of Funaria and Mnium. 
A. J. Grout. 
(R. H. True in Beihefte Bot. Centralblatt IP 1 : 34-44, 1905.) 
This is an account of interesting experiments to discover the exciting 
cause of curvature of the seta in Funaria hygrometrica and Mnium cuspida- 
tum Hedw. Dr. True concludes that “The young sporophyte, prior to the 
development of a distinct capsular rudiment, is either positively heliotropic 
or negatively geotropic, and tends to assume a perpendicular position which 
is fixed by the further development of the tissues. When in the young 
sporophyte the capsular rudiment has begun to develop, a sharp curvature 
appears just below the capsule, turning the capsular rudiment into the per- 
pendicular position of either a positively geotropic or of a negatively helio- 
tropic reaction.” 
Further experiments “seem to make it clear that in the case of Mnium , 
