— 72 — 
nearest F '. minutulus , its time of fruiting “early spring.” Roth says “late 
autumn and winter.” In this character it is allied to F. bryoides, inconstans 
and incurvus. 
F B amber geri is in almost all respects smaller than F synoicus. The 
stems are 1-3 mm. high, with 4-12 pairs of leaves, those of the middle part of 
the stem, 0.6-0. 8 X 0.2-0.27 mm., the cells 4-8/* in diameter. The seta 
is relatively long, 2.5-5 mm., the pale capsule 0.4-0.6 mm., the yellow* 
brown spores 12-15^. The teeth are split about their length, slightly 
papillose, the parts spirally thickened. The leaves are rather obscurely mar- 
gined, generally by a single row of cells often broken or interrupted, absent 
from some part or wholly gone. When absent the margin becomes a row of 
quadrate, nearly square pellucid cells similar to the margin of the leaves of 
F exiguus. The habitat of F. Bambergeri in Tirol is given by Roth as 
“sandy loam in little hollows of rocks on hot slopes,” thus pointing to a 
xerophytic nature, while F synoicus at Lockport is mesophytic. 
F. synoicus should also be compared with F. incurvus. The inflores- 
cence of this is autoicous, the antheridia terminal on short branches near the 
base of the fertile stems. The sharp pointed leaves are not bordered quite to 
the denticulate apex, the costa ceases just below the point, or becomes pro- 
tuberant in the upper leaves. The border of the vaginant lamina is quite 
characteristic. It is 4-5 cells wide, but ceases properly somewhat above the 
base, gradually merging in the long quadrangular or polygonal cells of the 
leaf base. The teeth are quite long and slender, rather deeply divided, 
resembling those of F. minutulus. They are very papillose, the trabeculae 
prominent, the parts spirally thickened above the middle. The capsule of F. 
incurvus is not always curved, it may be erect as in F synoicus. I find it 
thus in a collection made at Savanna, 111 . The two collections of P. Reinsch 
cited above differ from each other in this respect. Both have the same 
kind of habitat, moist places in the forests of the Vosges'. One collection has 
the typical curved or horizontal capsule, the other the erect. All three have 
the same structure of leaf cells, the latter 8-15/bin diameter, the average 11 
or 12//.* 
The other species to be considered are F. exiguus and F. minutulus. 
They were described and figured by Sullivant in 1846. (Mem. Am. Acad. 
N. Ser. 3: 58-60. T. 2, 1846 Also Icon. Mus. Part 1, 36, 37, T. 23, 24, 
1864.) As such they were retained in Gray's Manual and so appear in that of 
Lesquereux and James. Austin made them varieties of F. incurvus. Barnes 
and Grout made the same disposition of them, but the latter with a reserva- 
tion that the later maturing of the spores in August rather indicates a speci- 
fic rank By European bryologists one or both have been regarded as species 
or been considered the equivalent of other species or varieties. Thus both 
have been referred to F. pusillus Wils., and F. .exiguus to F. viridulus 
Wahl. F minutulus has been made F. pusillus var. madius Spruce, F. 
*The name F. synoicus n. sp. appears a second time in bryological literature, having 
been used by C. Muller for a species collected in Argentina, South America, in 1873, and 
published in Linnaea, 42: 240, 1878, 1879. From the reading of the description I hardly take 
it to be the same as Sullivant’s moss If not a homonym of F. synoicus Sulliv . (1856), it is 
invalidated by priority, and the one from Argentina should be given another name if on 
comparison it is found to be distinct. 
