THE BRYOEOGIST. 
Vol. X. 
September, 1907 
No. 5. 
FURTHER NOTES ON CLADONIAS. XII. 
Cladonia baciUaris, Cladonia macilerata and Cladonia didyma. 
Bruce Fink. 
With this number of the series we pass from the brown fruited Cladonias 
to those commonly having scarlet apothecia. Of the three considered in this 
paper, the first two are so closely related as to render their separation most 
difficult and uncertain. The difficulties to be encountered are discussed at 
length under the description of the second species. The third of the three lich- 
ens is closely related to the other two, but the character of the squamules, 
especially the minute ones of the podetia when present, usually will serve to 
differentiate sufficiently. Tuckerman has referred to this plant as “ Not a 
little resembling C. bellidifiora in miniature,” but none of the specimens 
known to the writer need be mistaken for this species. 
All three of the plants considered resemble Cladonia cristatella in gen- 
eral form, but that species has the podetia uniformly corticate. 
To illustrate the first two species, we have chosen for Cladonia bacil- 
laris a specimen from northern Minnesota, and for Cladonia macilenta one 
of L. Scriba’s plants, collected in Germany. 
Cladonia bacillaris (Del.) Nyl. Lich. Lapp. Cr. 179. 1866. Primary 
thallus persistent or finally dying, composed of laciniate, lobate or crenate 
squamules, which are 1-3 mm. long, and about 1 mm. wide, flat or somewhat 
involute, scattered or clustered, sea-green or varying toward whitish or 
olivaceous above, and wholly white below or darker toward the base of the 
squamules, sometimes sorediate along the margin and below. Podetia aris- 
ing from the surface of the squamules: quite slender, subcylindrical, rarely 
enlarged toward the apex; 5-55 mm. long and 0.5-2 mm. in diameter 
or even 4 mm. at the apex; cupless or rarely with very poorly developed 
cups; simple or rarely branched: often sterile and the apex obtuse or rarely 
subulate, or terminated by imperforate clustered or solitary apothecia; erect, 
the greater part or entirely sorediate, sometimes squamulose toward the base, 
and the squamules frequently occurring half way up or rarely even to the 
top, often corticate toward the base and below the apothecia, ashy, sea- 
green or olivaceous or a mixture of these colors. Apothecia medium sized, 
1-5 mm. in diameter, solitary or clustered, immarginate or rarely margined, 
usually convex, scarlet. Hypothecium pale. Hymenium reddish toward 
the top and paler toward the lower part. Paraphyses simple or branched 
toward the thickened and reddish apex. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores 
obliquely disposed. Plate X. Figs, ia and ib. 
On earth, old logs or stumps, found usually in rather open and dry 
places. 
The July Bryologist was issued July 3 , 1907 . 
