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branches short and obtuse, and the apex or apices commonly terminated by 
apothecia: the axils sometimes perforate, clustered or subsolitary; erect and 
rarely squamulose; cortex continuous or areolate, smooth or roughened; 
sea-green or straw-yellow. Apothecia medium sized or small, 0.3-3 mm. in 
diameter, solitary or clustered, convex, immarginate, scarlet. Hypothecium 
pale or pale yellowish. Hymenium pale reddish above and pale or pale 
yellowish below. Paraphyses commonly simple, the apices only slightly 
thickened or colored. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Plate XI. Fig. ia and ib. 
On dead wood and rarely on earth, especially in rather dry woods. 
Examined by the writer from Maine (F. L. Harvey), Massachusetts (Clara E. 
Cummings), New York (E. A. Burt and Carolyn W. Harris), Long Island 
(H. von Schrenk), Ohio (E. E. Bogue, M. Foltz and Bruce Fink), Missouri 
(C. H. Demetrio and Colton Russell), South Carolina (H. A. Green), Illinois 
(G. P. Clinton and Bruce Fink), North Carolina (Colton Russell), Wisconsin, 
Iowa and Minnesota (Bruce Fink), Ontario (J. Macoun), Newfoundland (A. 
C. Waghorne, and labeled Cladonia coccifera ), Tennessee (W. W. Calkins 
and referred to Cladonia pulchella ). H. Willey records from Massachusetts 
and Illinois, W. W. Calkins from Illinois, J. W. Eckfeldt and W. W. Calkins 
from Florida, Charles Mohr from Alabama and C. H. Peck from New York. 
Wainio’s distribution adds Virginia, New Jersey, Indiana, Georgia and 
Texas. J. Macoun finds the plant widely distributed in British America, but 
neither he, Dr. H. E. Hasse, nor any other collector seems to have found it 
along the Pacific coast. Otherwise, widely distributed in North America. 
A distinctly North American lichen. 
Cladonia cristatella ramosa Tuck. Obs. North Amer. Lich. 395. 1862. 
Podetia spreading, branched below and dichotomously much-divided above. 
On sterile earth in the White Mountains, and also in Illinois according 
to H. Willey. 
Cladonia cristatella vestita Tuck. Syn. North Amer. Lich. 255. 1882. 
Podetia densely squamulose, and often much like Cladonia pulchella. 
From Massachusetts and New Jersey. Also a specimen sent Dr. Wainio, 
collected by the writer at Tower, Minnesota, was placed here. 
Cladonia cristatella paludicola Tuck. Syn. North Amer. Lich. 255. 
1882. Podetia very short and the apothecia almost sessile. The squamules 
of the primary thallus squamulose. 
In Cypress and other swamps, indefinitely reported by Tuckerman. The 
writer has referred here a specimen collected on a log at Mankato, Minne- 
sota. But the squamules are scarcely sorediate, and the determination is 
doubtful. H. Willey records for Massachusetts. 
Cladonia cristatella ochrocarpia Tuck. Syn. North Amer. Lich. 255. 
1882. Apothecia sometimes yellow. Tuckerman first called this Cladonia 
floerkeana ochrocarpia Tuck. Lich. Amer. Excic. no. 133. 1854. Cladonia 
sub sir amine a Nyl. Syn. Lich. 204. i860, seems to be the same in part. 
Reported as frequent on sterile soil in the White Mountains, where it is 
frequent and mixed with the ordinary form of the species. Also said to 
occur in New York and Massachusetts, H. Willey recording from latter State. 
