48 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
relatively broader than long, though it did not attain the proportions reached in the 
European, for if we take the mean of the nine female pelves measured by B. Davis, 
Verneau, Garson, and myself, the sacral index was only 102'5. 
The proportions of the sacrum have been recorded in two Bushmen by G. Fritsch ; 
in the one the length was 95 mm. and the breadth 91 mm., the sacral index being 95‘8, 
in the other 1 the length was 94 mm. and the breadth 83 mm., the sacral index being 88. 
These two specimens, conjoined with the sacral index, 98, of the male recorded in my 
Table VI., give the mean sacral index of three males as 94. Verneau’s two Bush women 
had a mean sacral index of 100 ; Gortz’s Bushwoman, Afandy, had a sacrum 87 mm. 
long and 90 mm. broad, the index being 103; whilst in an adult female recorded by 
G. Fritsch the sacral length was 97 mm. and the breadth 79 mm., the index being only 81. 
The mean of these four females was' 94‘7. There can, I think, be little doubt that it is 
the rule in the Bush race for the male sacrum to be longer than broad, i.e., dolichohieric. 
It is not, however, quite so clear as to the relative proportion in the female, for although 
the mean of the four specimens is only 94 '7, yet it will be observed that this low index 
is due to one of the specimens being only 81. 
G. Fritsch has also recorded the sacral length and breadth in the pelves of some 
Hottentots and Kaffirs from which indices may be computed. In a Hottentot woman 
the length of the sacrum was 95 mm., its breadth at the base 81 mm., and its index was 
85. In one male Korana Hottentot the sacral length w T as 95 mm., the breadth 90 mm., 
and the index 94'7 ; in another the length was 105 mm., the breadth 79 mm., 
and the index only 75. In Wyman’s male Hottentot the sacral index was only 82. 
In all these specimens, therefore, the length of the sacrum exceeded the breadth, 
and the mean index of three males w T as 83 ‘9. In the six male Kaffirs measured 
by Fritsch the highest sacral index was computed to be 106 and the lowest 82, the mean 
of the series being 92'8. In the single female the sacral length was 86 mm., the breadth 
92 mm., and the index 107. In the male Kaffirs, therefore, the sacrum is as a rule longer 
than broad, and both in them and in the Hottentots it is dolichohieric. 
In all the Negro pelves measured in my Table III. the breadth of the sacrum exceeded 
the length, and the mean sacral index of the four males was 114 ; but though in one of 
the Negresses the sacrum was longer than broad, in the other the relation was reversed, 
and the mean index in the two specimens was only 99. In one of Spengel’s male Negros 
the sacral index was 114, in the other 97 ; whilst in a Negro from the Gaboon measured 
by Barnard Davis it was only 87. If we take, however, the series of twenty-two males 
described by M. Verneau from Guadeloupe, Mozambique, Nubia, or of unknown locality, 
the proportions are such as to give a mean sacral index of 97, whilst the seven females 
cither from Guadeloupe or an unknown locality had a mean sacral index 105 ‘5. In the 
Negress measured by G. Fritsch the sacral length was 93 mm., the breadth 86 mm., and 
1 This Bushman pelvis lias had some of its characters described by Johannes Muller. 
