REPORT ON THE BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
29 
In one of the male Australians the breadth-height index was 82, but the mean index 
in the six males was 77, a little below the European male standard. Verneau gives the 
breadth-height index of one man as 79, and the mean of two women as 74. From 
Garson’s measurements of five Australian women the corresponding index is 76 ’6, which 
is also the index of my single female specimen. The Australians therefore, both men 
and women, correspond closely in the proportions of pelvic height and breadth to 
Europeans. 
In the Sandwich Island women the mean breadth-height index was 72. Of these 
A. and B. , with a breadth-height index of 7 6 and 7 1 respectively, belonged to skeletons of 
dolichocephalic people, whilst I., with a corresponding index of 70, belonged to a brachy- 
cephalic person. The range of Variation, therefore, of this index in these female pelves 
was not very great. M. Yerneau, who has described five male pelves from Tongatabu, 
Mangareva, Noukahiva, and Hawaii, has pointed out that in them a wide range of variation 
existed both in this and some other features of the pelvis, so that he recognised two 
types of pelvis — the one, represented by the specimens from Tongatabu and Mangareva, 
he regarded as pure Polynesian, whilst the other bore traces of a Papuan element. The 
Tongan and Mangarevan were distinguished by the high breadth-height index, which in 
the former was 85, in the latter 93, whilst in the Noukahivan and Plawaian pelves this 
index was 79 and 77 respectively. The actual height of the pelvis in the Tongan was 
220 mm., in the Mangarevan 228 mm., whilst in the Noukahivan and Hawaian it was 
only 194 and 200 mm. The Tongan and Mangarevan are, I presume, the pelves of a 
brachycephalic race, but in the relations of pelvic breadth and height they differed most 
materially from my brachycephalic Sandwich Islander ; still it must be remembered that 
my pelvis was that of a woman, in which, therefore, for sexual reasons, the breadth 
dominates over the height much more than in the male. In the two male New 
Zealanders the breadth-height index of the pelvis was 79 and 87 respectively. I do not 
possess the cranium belonging to the skeleton from Te Aroha, and I have been unable to 
identify the skull which belonged to the Otago pelvis. 1 
The Negro pelves in their breadth-height index presented in the males a mean of 80 
and in the females one of 73, both of which approximate to the European average in the 
two sexes. M. Verneau gives the relations of breadth to height in a Negress from 
Mozambique as 74, exactly the same as in the European female, whilst in other Negresses 
the same index varied from 73 to 79. In his male pelves, on the other hand, the 
corresponding index was considerably higher, for in a Negro from Mozambique it reached 
85, and in a Nubian it was 84. 
In my only adult male Andamanese the breadth-height index was 75, and the mean 
1 Although in the pelvis of the Otago skeleton the epiphyses of the iliac crests and ischial tubera v> ere not in their 
entire extent fully ankylosed to their respective hones, yet in all probability the pelvic cavity w itli its inlet and outlet 
had attained its normal form and proportions. 
