28 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
72 in tlie series of Sandwich Islanders to 77 in the single Esquimaux. Amongst the 
males the variations were much more strongly marked, and ranged from an index of 73 
in the single Chinese and 75 in the single adult Andamanese to 91 in the single Bush 
pelvis. 
This Bush pelvis is distinguished therefore from all the other pelves by its height in 
proportion to its breadth, and by the vertical direction of the ilium, and we may 
now enquire ' how far these relations, so strongly marked in this male pelvis, are a 
characteristic of the race. Pelves of Bushmen or Bushwomen have now been examined 
and described by Yrolik, Johannes Muller, Pruner-Bey, C. Martin, Gortz, Gustaf Fritsch, 
Verneau, 1 and myself. Unfortunately, some of these observers, although recording the 
maximum breadth between the iliac crests, have not given in numbers the height of the 
pelvis. Yrolik had, however, remarked on the great height of his female pelvis in relation 
to its breadth and on the vertical direction of the ilium. Johannes Muller stated that 
his female specimen resembled in an extraordinary manner the one figured by Yrolik, 
and he especially referred to the vertical direction of the ilium, so that the antero-superior 
and inferior iliac spines were almost in the same vertical plane. In his male pelvis, 
however, the ilia were much more oblique, and from the measurements of this pelvis given 
by Gustaf Fritsch the breadth-height index was apparently only 79. Gortz’s female 
pelvis, again, was not so high as Yrolik’s and Muller’s specimens of the same sex, neither 
was the ilium so vertical. In Fritsch ’s adult female the breadth-height index was 84, 
whilst in the male it was only 81. Yerneau stated that in his two female Bush pelves 
the direction of the ilium and of its anterior border was but a little inclined, I presume, 
therefore, almost vertical; on the other hand, it would appear that the height was not 
in them disproportional to the breadth, as he placed the breadth-height index at 77. 
Although therefore there is not an absolute uniformity in these characters in the several Bush 
pelves which have been examined, still it is clear that there is a strong tendency in this 
race for the ilium and its anterior border to approach the vertical in direction, so that the 
diameter between the antero-superior spines only slightly exceeds that between the antero- 
inferior spines. It is evident also that the pelvic height is large in proportion to the 
breadth, and although the variation is considerable from an index of 77 to one of 91, in 
the five pelves the measurements of which in these diameters have been recorded, yet the 
mean breadth-height index of the five, both males and females, is 82, considerably above 
the European mean, and the lowest index in the Bush women 77, is above the mean of 
European women as given both by Yerneau and by Garson. There is no information of 
the proportion wdiich the ischium contributes to the pelvic height except in the specimen 
which I have measured, in which it will be seen that the ratio is 81, the length of the 
ischium, to 183 the height of the pelvis. 
1 It ia unnecessary for me either here or subsequently to repeat the references to the papers of the writers referred 
to in the text, aa the titles of their respective memoirs are given in the Bibliographical list on pp. 3, 4, 5. 
