100 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Hindoo the left femur was 460 mm., and in the female 408 mm. 1 In the Sikh the right 
femur was 498 mm., in the Chinese the left femur was 420 mm., and in the Malay 450 
mm . long. In the Riverina Australian the right femur was 496 mm., in the Queensland 
skeleton each femur was 492 mm., the maximum femur in the Eucla skeleton was 468 
mm., the Manly Cove 467 mm., Swan Hill 458 mm., Perth 452 mm., and in the femur 
from West Victoria 404 mm. The maximum femur in the New Zealanders was 462 mm. 
in the left femur from Te Aroha, in the left femur from Otago 460 mm., whilst in another 
New Zealander the length was only 425 mm., but the bones were robust. In the female 
Oahuans the longest femur was 432 mm., and the shortest 391 mm. The longest 
femur in the three Negros was 498 mm., the shortest 464 mm., and in the two 
Negresses the longest was 462 and the shortest 430 mm. In the male Esquimaux the 
longest femur (left) was 435 mm. ; in the female it was 428 mm. In the male Lapp the 
maximum femur was 408 mm., in the female 362 mm. In the Bushman both femora 
were 420 mm. In two of the Andaman Islanders the left femur attained a length of 395 
mm., but in another the maximum length was as low as 363 mm. 
The differences between the maximum length of the femur and the maximum 
trochanteric length ranged from 26 mm. in the right femur of the Riverina Australian to 
6 mm. in the right femur of one of the Negros. In eighteen of the sixty-two femora 
measured the total maximum length exceeded the maximum trochanteric length by 
20 mm. or upwards ; in forty-four specimens the maximum length was less than 
20 mm. in excess of the trochanteric, and in three of these, being Negro femora, it was 
less than 10 mm. When these two diameters approach each other, the approximation in 
length expresses either an elongation of the great trochanter in connection with the 
insertion of the muscles of the buttock ; or a diminution in the angle between the neck 
and shaft of the femur, so that it was almost a right angle. The total maximum length 
exceeded the length in the oblique position by as much as 9 mm. in the two Negresses, 
8 mm. in the female Esquimaux, 7 mm. in the female Oahuans, a male New Zealander, 
and two male Australians ; in one male Hindoo and in one male Andaman Islander these 
two diameters were equal ; as a rule the total maximum length was not more than 3 or 4 mm. 
in excess of the length in the oblique position, and the differences between them expressed 
the greater or less projection of the inner condyle beyond the plane of the outer condyle. 
The longest tibia was in Dr. Anderson’s Hindoo skeleton, in which the right tibia 
in its maximum length measured 429 mm., but in the other male Hindoo it was only 398 
mm., and in the female the left tibia was 348 mm. In the Sikh the right tibia was 403 
mm., the Chinese was 331 mm., and the Malay 372 mm. In the male Australians the 
longest tibia was 423 mm. in the Riverina, 421 mm. in the Queensland, 394 mm, in 
the Swan Hill, 392 mm. in the Eucla, 387 mm. in the Perth, and 384 mm. in the Manly 
1 In Table XIV., p. 109, the maximum length of the femur and tibia in thirty of the skeletons which I have measured 
is recorded. 
